It consists of two parts, one part is the capital invested by the enterprise at the beginning, including the premium part, and the other part is created by the enterprise in its operation, including the donated assets, which belong to the owner's equity.
Net assets, that is, owners' equity, refers to the economic benefits enjoyed by the owners in the assets of the enterprise, and its amount is the balance of assets MINUS liabilities. Owners' equity includes paid-in capital (or share capital), capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit, etc.
Its calculation formula is: net assets = owner's equity (including paid-in capital or equity, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit, etc.). ) = total assets-total liabilities.
The basic characteristics of a company limited by shares:
1, Limited by Share Ltd is an independent Economic legal;
2. The number of shareholders of a joint stock limited company shall not be less than the quorum. For example, according to French regulations, the number of shareholders should be at least 7;
3. The shareholders of a joint stock limited company shall bear limited liability for the debts of the company, and the liability limit shall be the number of shares payable by the shareholders;
4. All the capital of a joint stock limited company is divided into equal shares, and funds are raised through public offering. Anyone can become a shareholder of the company after paying the shares, and there is no qualification restriction;
5. The shares of the company can be freely transferred, but they cannot be withdrawn;
6. The company's accounts must be made public, so that investors can know about the company and make choices;
7. The establishment and dissolution of the company have strict legal procedures and complicated procedures. Thus, a joint stock limited company is a typical joint venture company. Whether a person can become a shareholder of a company depends on whether he has paid the shares and bought the shares, not on his personal relationship with other shareholders. Therefore, a joint stock limited company can quickly, extensively and massively concentrate its funds. At the same time, we can also see that although the capital of unlimited liability companies, limited liability companies and joint-stock companies is also divided into shares, these companies do not publicly issue shares, and their shares cannot be freely transferred. The stocks issued and circulated in the securities market are all issued by joint-stock companies. Therefore, a narrow joint-stock company refers to a joint-stock company.
To sum up, the basic characteristics of a joint stock limited company include the universality of shareholders, the contribution of shares, the limited liability of shareholders, the openness of shares and the openness of the company. These characteristics enable a joint stock limited company to better raise capital, spread risks, improve its financing ability and attract investors, and at the same time require the company to maintain transparency and openness, so that shareholders and the public can understand the company's operating conditions.
Legal basis:
Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on Financial and Accounting Reports of Enterprises
Article 9
A balance sheet is a statement that reflects the financial situation of an enterprise on a specific date. The balance sheet shall be listed by assets, liabilities and owners' equity (or shareholders' equity), with the same classification and sub-items. Among them, the definition and listing of assets, liabilities and owners' equity shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Assets refer to resources formed by past transactions and events, which are owned or controlled by enterprises and are expected to bring economic benefits to enterprises. On the balance sheet, assets should be listed according to their liquidity classification, including current assets, long-term investments, fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets. If the assets of banks, insurance companies and non-bank financial institutions are special, they should be classified and itemized according to their nature.
(2) Liabilities refer to the current obligations formed by past transactions and events, and the fulfillment of this obligation is expected to lead to the outflow of economic benefits from the enterprise. On the balance sheet, liabilities should be listed according to their liquidity classification, including current liabilities and long-term liabilities. If the liabilities of banks, insurance companies and non-bank financial institutions are special, they should be classified and itemized according to their nature.
(3) Owner's equity refers to the economic benefits enjoyed by the owner in the assets of the enterprise, and the amount is the balance of assets minus liabilities. On the balance sheet, the owner's equity shall be itemized according to paid-in capital (or share capital), capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit.