Lead and zinc are also the main nonferrous metal resources in the Far East, which are mainly stored in the Primorsky Territory bordering Heilongjiang Province in China. Lead production in the Far East accounts for about 50% of Russia's total output, and there are 24 lead-zinc mining areas. 80.86% of lead reserves and 79.49% of zinc reserves in the Far East are concentrated in Primorsky Krai. In the 1990s, the output of lead in the Far East reached 26,000 ~ 28,000 tons, and that of zinc was 36,000 ~ 38,000 tons. According to preliminary estimates, the lead-zinc mine reserves in the Far East can be guaranteed to be mined for 35-40 years. Stratified lead-zinc deposit in nikolayev, Primorsky Krai is small in scale, accounting for only 4% of the country's total reserves and less than 3% of lead, but its lead ore output accounts for more than 50% of the country's total output.
Except in the Far East, Russian lead-zinc mines are mainly concentrated in eastern Siberia, and the main mining areas are Novosidorkovinskaya polymetallic mine in Chita, Noye polymetallic mine in Auzel, Buryatia, and Kizil Peste Galdo metallic mine in Tuva. The Skoye lead-zinc mine in Golev was discovered near the mouth of Angara River in the late 1950s. It is said that its reserves rank first in the world and its ore grade is high. Experts estimate that this ore can be mined for 60-70 years.
In the mid-1990s, the output of zinc mines in Russia dropped sharply. From 1996, the output of zinc mine began to rise, reaching 400,000 tons. Most zinc minerals come from copper-zinc mines in Urals, and the output in other parts of China only accounts for about 10%.
The mining and processing capacity of zinc mines in Russia can fully meet the domestic demand. The main problem is that the copper-zinc ore dressing process is backward and inefficient, and about 50% zinc is discharged with slag. The total comprehensive utilization coefficient of copper-zinc ore is 0.65 ~ 0.75. During mineral processing, the recovery rate of zinc is less than 765,438+0%, and the average content of zinc in slag is 0.3% ~ 65,438+0.22%.
Development and utilization of bauxite in Russia
At present, Russia has three bauxite mines. The self-sufficiency rate of alumina is about 50%, and the rest depends on imports. The annual output of Russian metallic aluminum is about 32 million tons, ranking third in the world after the United States and China. The four largest aluminum smelters in Russia are located in Siberia, and the large aluminum smelters include NovKuznetsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Bratzke, Sayan and Achinsk. The cost of aluminum smelting here is low, and its aluminum output accounts for about 80% of the total national output.
149. Molybdenum deposits in Russia
Olekitkan molybdenum mine, Nanyatbadis mine and Gaerthe Lunda mine in Buryatia and China have good mining prospects.
At present, Russia's molybdenum production is only about 5% of 199 1 year. About 40% of molybdenum raw materials are used for export.
150. Development and utilization of tungsten ore in Russia
Russian tungsten mine production is mainly carried out by Binhai Mining and Mineral Processing Joint Factory Co., Ltd., lermontov Mining Co., Ltd. and Ternoz Tungsten and Molybdenum Joint Factory. During the period of 1998, 60% of the tungsten and molybdenum ore products of lermontov Mining Company and Binhai Mining and Dressing Complex were exported. The ratio 1995 of tungsten ore production in Ternez Tungsten and Molybdenum General Factory decreased by 62.6%, that of lermontov Mining Company decreased by 50. 1%, and that of Binhai Mining General Factory increased by 1998. Due to the increase of railway freight and electricity price, the cost of tungsten products has increased.
Since 2003, with the recovery of domestic metal processing, oil and gas drilling and military industry, Russia's demand for tungsten began to pick up. At present, the output of Russian tungsten ore and tungsten concentrate is second only to China, ranking second in the world.
However, the current situation of tungsten mining and processing industry in Russia is not optimistic. The main problem is that the output of tungsten cannot fully meet the domestic demand. 80% of tungsten production is concentrated in the Primorsky Krai in the Far East, while tungsten processing enterprises are far away in the European part of Russia and the Urals. More seriously, the profitable tungsten reserves have been harvested, and the proportion of existing predicted resources is very low.
15 1. Russian tin ore and its development and utilization
95% of the proven tin mines in Russia are in the Far East, where there are 35 tin mines in operation, and the current annual mining capacity is about 20,000 tons. Saha * * * and Geptatsky concentrator and Amga placer in Primorsky Krai (accounting for 35% of tin mining in Far East), Spask Dargnies concentrator and Far East Polymetallic Mine Production Joint Company (22%), Solzhenitsyn and SinDaski concentrator in Khabarovsk Krai (27%), Du Kartzke and Pei in Magadan. Most of the mines are comprehensive, and the ore composition is compound. The recovery rate of tin is between 20% and 90%. Tin ore sand from the Far East was transported to the tin factory in Ryazan, Novosibirsk for further processing.
In the early 1990s, the output of tin in the Russian Far East was 20,000 ~ 22,000 tons. By 1994, the enterprises with poor benefits in Northeast China closed down, and the tin output decreased by 3 1% (compare 19 1).
The main problems faced by Russian tin mining and processing enterprises are: unfavorable geographical and geological factors of tin mine, complex mine technical conditions, small proportion of tin reserves that can be exploited profitably, low quality of raw materials and lack of reserve exploration targets, thus lacking investment attraction. From all aspects, we will still rely on imports to meet domestic demand for a long time to come.
Primorsky Krai is one of Russian tin mining and processing bases. Nizhnieye mine and Yubilienoye mine have been developed in Furmanov area. Woqu in cavallero includes Tarinne and Arxianev mining areas in Hrusz; Amur-Iman area includes the mining areas of Darnieta Jozhnoye, Ternistoye and Zwioz Denoyer. There is the largest tin mining enterprise in Russia-the ——Hrusz Taliney mining complex.
West Siberia Novosibirsk is a tin smelting center with an annual production capacity of 30,000 tons. The raw material is tin concentrate produced in Siberia and the Far East.
152. Far East Polymetallic Mine Metallurgical Union Co., Ltd.
Far East Polymetallic Mine Metallurgical Consortium Co., Ltd. was established in 200 1, located in Dalingelsk, east of Primorsky Krai. It is the only lead-zinc mine enterprise in the Far East and the largest lead-zinc mine enterprise in Russia, producing 70% of lead ore in Russia.
Formerly known as Far East Polymetallic Company and Far East Polymetallic Lead Factory, the company mainly explores and mines lead-zinc mines in Daline Gasca District of Primorsky Krai, and exports ores to countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In recent years, the company has mined 800,000 tons of ore annually on average, and produced lead ore 1.2 million tons, zinc ore 25,000 tons, silver ore 40 tons and bismuth ore 1.4 tons. Glencore International, the world's largest supplier of raw materials for bulk commodities, monopolized the export rights of mineral products. In 2006, the company's turnover was 65.438+0.85 billion rubles, ranking 68th among the top 200 enterprises in the Far East, and its after-tax net profit was 380 million rubles. By the beginning of 2007, the company's assets were 654.38+0.7 billion rubles, of which the net assets were 654.38+0 billion rubles.
The company includes three above-ground mines, 1 comprehensive concentrator, 1 ore transportation department, 1 ore loading and unloading department and 1 metallurgical plant, in which the metallurgical plant mainly processes waste battery lead blocks and produces refined lead, and the main raw material source and customer is Irkutsk's "battery technology" company. The mineral resources owned by the Company are as follows:
The recoverable reserves of nikolayev Mine are: lead 6 1 10,000 tons, zinc10.6 million tons and silver 898 tons.
Guerrilla mine with recoverable reserves of lead130,000 tons, zinc 340,000 tons and silver 244 tons;
The recoverable reserves of Waterward mine in Wittler are 40,000 tons of lead, 40,000 tons of zinc and 60 tons of silver;
The recoverable reserves of Verhoene mine are 700 tons of lead, 1 100 tons of zinc and 2 tons of silver;
The recoverable reserves of Yuzhnoye mine are 90,000 tons of lead, 90,000 tons of zinc and 339 tons of silver.
The recoverable reserves of Mai Minov mine are 50,000 tons of lead, 50,000 tons of zinc and 345 tons of silver.
153. Binhai Mining and Concentrator and Ahil Mining Company.
Binhai Mining and Mineral Processing Joint Enterprise and its subsidiary Ahil Mining Company, located in the Red Army District of Primorsky Krai, are the largest tungsten mine producers in Russia.
Binhai Mining and Mineral Processing General Factory started to develop Dongfang No.2 large-scale tungsten mine at the foot of Xihaote-Alinshan (Laoyeling) in 1960s, and became independent from Far East Polymetallic Company in 1980, and established a joint-stock company in 1993. Since then, due to the domestic economic recession in Russia, the market has plummeted, and the company has stopped production many times and fell into a serious debt crisis. In order to get rid of the crisis, the company reorganized some excellent assets into Ahil mining company according to the common practice of Russian enterprises at that time, making it operate from scratch. This move has achieved good results. Binhai mining concentrator is the only one of more than ten tungsten enterprises in the early days of Russia's independence. Its subsidiary Ahil has also become a powerful large enterprise in the Far East, with a turnover of 654.38+83 billion rubles in 2006, ranking 73rd among the top 200 enterprises in the Far East.
After continuous business adjustment, the division of labor between the two enterprises has become increasingly clear: Binhai Mining and Mineral Processing General Factory is responsible for tungsten exploration and mining, and Ahil mainly processes tungsten. These two companies produce about 350,000 tons of tungsten ore and 4,000 tons of ore every year, and more than 60% of their products are exported overseas.
At present, the main problem facing the company is the exhaustion of raw materials. According to experts' estimation, Dongfang Tungsten Mine can only be mined for 10 ~ 12 years. Therefore, Binhai Mining and Mineral Processing Complex is re-exploring Dongfang No.2, and invested 654.38+0.9 billion rubles in 2006 to purchase the development rights of Skretoye and Grubo Kuoye tungsten mines. According to the company, the above two minerals can guarantee the company's production in the next 30 ~ 40 years.
154. Russian mining company group
In 2005, in order to acquire the yaroslavl mining and mineral processing complex in Primorsky Krai, Russian Coal Company (founded by Rosneft and International Industrial Bank) and Energy Industry Company (a large Russian electrode manufacturer and a subsidiary of Siberian Ural Aluminum Company) were incorporated in Vladivostok.
At present, Russian mining companies have three non-ferrous metal mining enterprises: Russian Mining Co., Ltd., Boer Mining Chemical Company and New orlov Mining and Mineral Processing Complex.
155. Russian mining company limited
Russian Mining Co., Ltd., formerly known as yaroslav Mining and Mineral Processing Complex, is located in yaroslav Town, Primorsky Krai. Is the only producer of fluorite sand in Russia, established in 1950. The annual production capacity of fluorite ore sand is 350,000 tons, and the existing reserves of fluorite resources are 510.3 million tons, which can be supplied to the Russian market for more than 50 years. At the same time, we also master some lead ore and produce lead ore, which is mainly used for export.
Russian mining companies completed the acquisition of yaroslav mining and mineral processing complex at the auction in March 2005, and the final purchase price was 546 million rubles. Since then, yaroslavl Mining and Mineral Processing Complex has officially changed its name to Russian Mining Co., Ltd., and the original name is no longer used. In 2006, the turnover of Russian Mining Co., Ltd. was 8 1 billion rubles, ranking 1 among the top 200 companies in the Far East.
156. Boer Mining Chemical Company
In February 2006, Russian Coal Company and Siberian Ural Aluminum Company acquired Boer Mining Chemical Company, another large mining enterprise in Primorsky Krai, and merged it into Russian Mining Company Group. Boer Mining and Chemical Company was established in 1958, located in Gasca, Daline, Primorsky Krai. It is the only manufacturer of boron products in Russia, with ore reserves of 65438+600 million tons, 85% of which are exported overseas, and its main customers are from China, Japan, South Korea and other countries.
157. New orlov mining and mineral processing joint venture
The New orlov Mining and Mineral Processing Complex is located in Agaburyat Autonomous Prefecture, which mainly develops Sperkoin Tungsten Mine and orlov Tantalum Mine.
158.Aricom company
Headquartered in London, Aricom is a British gold enterprise and a subsidiary of PHM Group, the second largest gold producer in Russia, specializing in iron ore development. In recent years, according to the arrangement of PHM Group, Aricom has acquired large iron mines in Amur and Jewish States in the Far East. At present, the company has five iron ore mining rights, namely:
At the khurana River Iron Mine in Amur, Aricom plans to produce 290,000 tons of ilmenite and 900,000 tons of ilmenite annually in the first phase.
Sayim iron mine in , Amur, was developed by Aricom Company and Kimia Company, a subsidiary of Norrel Nickel Company, according to the ratio of 49: 5 1. The exploration of this mine will be completed before the end of 20 10, and it will be produced before 201212, with an annual output of at least 2 million tons. Geological exploration is currently under way.
Jialin Iron Mine in Amur Prefecture, with a reserve of 390 million tons, was acquired by Alikom at the end of 2007 at a price of 654.38+44 billion US dollars, and the company plans to invest 654.38+05 billion US dollars for development.
Jimkan iron mine and Sudal iron mine in Jewish state have a total reserve of about 700 million tons. According to the evaluation of professional companies, the total value of the two mineral resources reserves is 654.38+0.7 billion US dollars. Among them, Jimkan Iron Mine plans to put into operation 20 10 ~ 20 1 1, with an annual ore production capacity of 100000 tons, and Sudal Mine plans to put into operation 20 13.
The company's iron ore products will be mainly exported to China, Japan, South Korea and other countries, and PHM Group plans to occupy 65,438+00% (about 20 million tons) of the iron ore market in the Asia-Pacific region. For this reason, PHM Group has drawn up an amazing investment list: since 20 10, two mineral processing plants have been built in Jewish state and Amur state, with an annual processing capacity of 20 million tons of iron ore and 8 million tons of iron ore sand; Invest 900 million dollars to build an ore smelter with an annual output of 4 million tons of pig iron 2011; Invest US$ 200 million to build a cross-border railway bridge (namely Tongjiang Bridge, which will save the company US$ 5-6 per ton of iron ore after completion) in the port of Ningskoye, Jewish state; Invest 400 million US dollars to transform the railway from Ningskoye Port to Birobidzhan, the capital of Jewish state, and invest 800 million US dollars to connect the railway transportation from Jialin Iron Mine in Amur state to Siberian railway trunk line.