What are the death rate, spread rate and handling fee rate?

The death difference is caused by the difference between the scheduled death rate and the actual death rate of insurance companies; The fee difference is the difference between the operating expenses extracted by the insurance company from the current premium and the current operating expenses; The spread is the difference between the income of insurance companies using funds and the cost of funds. \x0d\ fee difference rate = operating profit+fund cost/premium income of renewal policies = operating profit rate+fund cost rate * total liabilities/premium income \x0d\ spread rate = spread/total liabilities = (investment income-fund cost of surviving policies)/total liabilities = investment income/total liabilities-fund cost rate \x0d\ death difference rate is generally ignored.