1 Scheme review
Before construction, the measures to ensure construction safety and the special safety construction scheme in the construction organization design compiled and declared by the contractor should be emphatically reviewed, including the post responsibility system for safety production, safety management objectives, safety technical measures in the construction organization design, technical disclosure of construction safety, safety education system, safety education for new workers, safety management institutions and full-time safety management personnel, safety production operation rules, pre-shift safety activity system, written notification of dangerous post operation rules, and hazards of illegal operation, etc.
Determine whether it meets the requirements of national and local regulations on construction safety, as well as the operability and completeness of these measures, and check the implementation, execution and implementation effect of various measures by the construction unit in the construction process.
2. Security check
(1) Safety warning signs: all entrances and exits, hoisting machinery, aerial work, hoisting work, scaffolding entrances and exits, elevator wellheads, holes, foundation pit edges, and all temporary electricity facilities.
(2) Holders: tower crane driver, hoist operator, construction elevator driver, lifting signalman, climbing erection operator, blaster, electrician, welder, etc.
(3) Safe distance between site office, living area and working area; Temporary buildings should be safe; Buildings in urban areas should be closed; The entrances and exits of the construction site shall meet the requirements of traffic management; Precautionary measures that construction may affect adjacent buildings, structures, pipelines and high-voltage lines.
3 Foundation pit construction
(1) Prepare special construction scheme to meet the requirements of construction organization design. At the same time, it must be approved by the chief engineer of the construction unit and reported to the project supervision agency for approval.
(2) For the foundation pit with a depth of more than 2m, protective railings should be set at the edge, and special passages or climbing facilities should be set up.
(3) Dewatering measures should be taken for the foundation pit with high groundwater level, and an effective drainage system should be set around the foundation pit.
(4) For the deep foundation pit with poor geology, there should be special schemes or measures for pit wall support.
(5) Precautions should be taken for buildings, structures, pipelines and high-voltage lines near the foundation pit.
(6) Without checking calculation or taking protective measures, it is forbidden to pile up soil, store materials or mechanical equipment and vehicles.
(7) Warning signs should be set in the operation area.
4 scaffolding
(1) Formulate relevant construction plans, which shall be reviewed by the technical director of the construction unit and approved by the project supervision institution. Disclosure before construction and acceptance after construction.
(2) The steel pipe scaffold should be connected with uniform pipe diameter and fasteners, and it is forbidden to mix steel and wood and tie wires.
(3) The uprights shall be provided with stow-wood or base foundation, drainage system, vertical and horizontal sweeping poles, and the spacing shall be no more than 2m, 1.2m and1.5m..
(4) When the height of the scaffold exceeds 7m or the support cannot be set, the scaffold must be firmly connected with the building every 4m high and 7m horizontally.
(5) Shear bracing: Shear bracing and scissors bracing are provided at both ends of the scaffold, at corners and every 6-7 vertical poles. The included angle between the support and the pillar and the ground shall not be greater than 60 degrees, and the bottom of the pillar shall not be less than 750px.
(6) Scaffolding shall be spread all over, with a thickness exceeding 125px, and the probe plate shall be bound firmly. Outside the working floor, there should be a footboard with a height of 450px, a protective railing with a height of 1m should be tied, a safety net should be set up, and a protective net should be erected externally.
(7) Scaffolding shall be provided with a ramp with anti-skid device.
(8) The entrance and exit of the frame body and the passage near the frame body shall be provided with protective sheds.
(9) The unloading platform is not allowed to be connected with the scaffold, and the load is limited.
(10) Protective grounding and lightning protection grounding devices shall be set at the four corners of steel pipe scaffold.
5 formwork and supporting system
(1) Formulate the corresponding construction scheme, which shall be approved by the technical director of the construction unit and submitted to the project supervision institution for examination and approval.
(2) The construction scheme of formwork and supporting system with large span, height and load shall be accompanied by checking calculation of supporting system.
(3) Support columns should be vertical and stable, padded with stow-wood, column spacing, horizontal support and vertical and horizontal bracing spacing should meet the requirements of the scheme.
(4) Supporting material: the outer diameter of steel pipe shall not be less than φ 48× 3.5 mm; The square timber should be 100×l00mm, and there should be no decay or boils that account for more than13 of the cross section.
(5) When the molding height exceeds 2m, the operators should have a stable and reliable working environment.
(6) There should be perfect protective facilities for holes and edges on the molding operation surface.
(7) After the formwork and supporting system are completed, the acceptance of sectional works shall be organized.
6. Construction electricity consumption
Strengthen on-site electricity safety management, supervise the construction unit to carry out daily inspection on construction power lines, temporary distribution boxes and other electrical equipment, find problems and solve them in time to avoid electricity safety accidents.
(1) The site layout of construction electricity shall be implemented according to the provisions of the electricity layout in the construction organization design.
(2) The erection height of construction electricity trunk and branch lines shall conform to the following requirements: the height of overhead lines shall be greater than 4m, and the height of cables shall be greater than 2.5m (or buried more than 0.2m).
(3) Buried depth of overhead poles, cross arms, insulators and poles shall comply with regulations.
(4) It is forbidden to use aging, broken and leaking wires and cables.
(5) Construction lighting should have a special circuit, and the metal shell of lamps and lanterns should be connected to zero. The height of indoor lamps is more than 2.5m, and that of outdoor lamps is more than 3m. Safe voltage is used as the lantern.
(6) Power transformation and distribution equipment for construction shall meet the specification requirements; Three-level distribution and two-level protection; The power supply adopts three-phase five-wire system; The power distribution room should be equipped with warning signs, fire extinguishers, insulating mats, insulating gloves and other supplies.
(7) The distribution box is marked, the outgoing line is neat, and there are doors, locks and rainproof measures.
(8) The power switch box should have just one switch, one leakage and one box.
(9) The power switch box shall be numbered uniformly, installed in the correct position, without sundries around, with the bottom of the box 60 cm from the ground, complete switches in the box and fuses.
(10) Electrical equipment and mechanical equipment shall have reliable grounding devices.
(1 1) The electricity consumption for construction is managed in a unified way, and the formalities for electricity consumption must be completed. It is forbidden to connect and pull temporary electricity without authorization.
(12) The construction power management personnel and the operators of power connection, power transmission and stringing must hold relevant certificates.
7. Protection of "Three Treasures", "Four Ports" and "Five Sides"
In the process of project implementation, safety helmet, safety net, safety belt and border protection are often ignored by construction units, which requires supervisors to strengthen daily inspection, find hidden dangers at any time, and require construction units to make timely rectification.
In addition, the final determination of border protection is also a key control point. Some construction units are unwilling to invest in edge protection and use construction waste to build at will, which is very unstable and has great security risks and must be stopped.
(1) Construction personnel must wear safety helmets correctly when entering the site.
When working at heights of more than 2 meters, you must fasten your seat belt.
(3) The outside of the project under construction shall be closed with qualified safety net; The railings on both sides of the discharging platform are hung with vertical nets from top to bottom; Hang a flat net every two layers or so; There is a flat screen under the operation floor ≤10m; The side length of the hole > 1 is surrounded by protective railings. 5m, hang a flat net under the hole. One flat net for every two floors in the elevator shaft ≤ 10m.
(4) Stairs, elevator wellheads, reserved holes and pit wellheads shall have protective railings and skirting boards.
(5) Balcony, hole, passage, stairs, floor and roof shall be provided with guardrails (upper railing 1 ~ 1.5m, lower railing 0.5 ~ 0.6m).
(6) There are protective sheds at the passage and entrance.
8 tower crane
(1) Installation and disassembly of tower cranes must use units and professional installers with safety (disassembly) qualification and safety license.
(2) The acceptance of the tower crane must be inspected by a statutory inspection qualification institution and can only be used after being put on record by the competent construction department.
(3) There shall be a plan for the installation and disassembly of tower crane, which shall be approved by the technical director of the installation unit.
(4) Torque and weight limiter, slewing, luffing, walking, superelevation limiter, hook insurance and drum insurance are effective and reliable.
(5) Tower crane and tower crane, tower crane and building, tower crane and overhead line must meet the safe distance.
(6) The tower crane shall have grounding, zero connection and leakage protection devices.
(7) Tower crane drivers and commanders should hold relevant certificates.
(8) Tower crane should have superior command, subordinate command and specified semaphore when working.
9 Outdoor construction elevator
(1) There should be a special plan for the installation and disassembly of the construction elevator, which should be installed by professional installers.
(2) The construction elevator shall be inspected and accepted by the municipal technical supervision department, and it can be used only after the use certificate is issued.
(3) The elevator suspension box superelevation limiter is effective and reliable, and overweight carrying is strictly prohibited.
(4) A protective fence should be set around the bottom of the elevator, and a protective shed should be set at the upper part of the bottom entrance.
(5) The elevator driver must hold relevant certificates.
(6) The elevator operation room and each floor shall be provided with signal contact devices.
10 all kinds of construction machinery
For important construction machinery, the construction unit is required to declare the special installation and demolition plan, and check the unified number of the competent department, the qualification of the installation unit, the operation certificate of the operator for special operations, and the acceptance documents of the contractor. And in the process of construction, the construction unit must be required to carry out construction in strict accordance with its safety operation procedures and equipment use requirements to ensure the safety of the use of mechanical equipment.
During installation, attention should be paid to the examination of the installation qualification of the installation unit and the qualification certificate of the installation personnel, and the safety emergency plan should be prepared. After the installation, the equipment that can only be used after passing the acceptance of the relevant equipment management department must be used after passing the acceptance.
The normal operation of machinery is of great significance to the timely completion of construction projects, especially the high-altitude lifting machinery and equipment, which will be extremely destructive in the event of a safety accident, and must not be taken lightly; In addition to the above control contents, it is also necessary to check the daily maintenance records of operators, solve problems in time when they are found, and it is strictly forbidden to run with diseases.
The above briefly introduces the key points of safety supervision and control in the construction process of construction projects; Of course, the safety control of building engineering is a systematic project. In the actual implementation of the project, there are many safety control points, which requires our supervisors to strengthen their safety awareness, strive to improve their safety control ability, nip potential safety accidents in the bud, and do their jobs well in safety work.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of construction site supervision: safety supervision, inspection and control points. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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