? Everything is different from the universe, but it is not suitable and useful. Human relations are in harmony, seeking common ground but different, and wanting to be the same but knowing differences, and being born. Everything is dispensable, knowing that it remains the same; You can be different, but you know the difference. Knowing differences but being the same, doing selfish things without harm, indulging in lust without poverty will arouse people's hearts and make people speechless. If so, the knower is not healed; The knower does not cure, and the name is not up to date; If you don't achieve fame, the masses are not in the county; If the masses are not in the county, the monarch and the minister will not stand. There is no monarch to make ministers, no supreme minister to make ministers, and the world is harmful. If you want to hate the same thing, if you want more things, you will fight for it. So all kinds of skills are made, and it is also necessary to raise a person. Can you have both skills? You can't have both. If you leave home without treating each other, you will be poor, and if you live in groups, you will struggle; The poor suffer, the debaters suffer, save the suffering and eliminate disasters, and clearly divide the groups. If you are strong and weak, you will know that if you are afraid of fools, the people will not obey you. If you are young and have a long family background, you will not rule the country by virtue. If so, the old and the weak will worry about raising them, while the strong will worry about division. Cause is evil, utility is good, regardless of occupation: if so, people will be harmed by trees and strive for merit. The combination of men and women, the division of husband and wife, and the rudeness of sending them away in marriage: if so, people will worry about losing their combination and fighting for color. An old friend shared it.
? The way to serve the country: save the people and be good. Festival is used for ceremony, enriching people for politics. He is rich, so he is redundant. People are rich, people are rich, people are rich, farmland is fertile, farmland is easy, and farmland is actually a hundred times. Take the law above and use the courtesy below. If Yu Ruo Qiushan is burned from time to time, there is nothing to hide. Are husbands and husbands suffering from nothing? So if you save the people, you will have the name of benevolence, holiness and goodness, and you will have rich mountains and rivers. For no other reason, it was born in saving money and enriching the people. I don't know how to save the people, but the people are poor. If the people are poor, the fields are barren and filthy, and the fields are not half solid. Although it is easy to take and plunder in the world, it will be scarce. Or rough and frugal, there will be greed for fame and rectification, and there will be emptiness and poverty. There is no other reason, and I don't know how to save the people. Chen Kang said: "Hong Gaitian, Deyu if the body." This is also called.
? Rites, such as height; There are young people and old people, and there are also rich people and poor people. So the emperor wears clothes, the vassal wears clothes, the doctor wears clothes, and the scholar wears clothes. Virtue must be called position, position must be called position, position must be called position, position must be called position, and position must be used. People who are above the rank of scholar must celebrate with rites and music, and Shu Ren must count on law. Building a country by measuring land, benefiting livestock people, teaching people by measuring manpower, making people get things, benefiting things, and benefiting people, all make food and clothing different (face), which is called the number. So, since the son of heaven passed through Shu Ren, it has been ignored whether it is big or small, so it was pushed. Therefore, as the saying goes, "misfortune befalls the people." This is also called. Bright fields, peaceful cities, save quotient, work hard, and don't take away the farming season. If so, the country will be rich. The husband said that enriching the people with politics.
? People can't live without groups. Indiscriminate groups lead to struggle, struggle leads to chaos, and chaos leads to poverty. Therefore, people who don't score will do great harm to people; There are points, and the benefits of the world are also; And people are king, so the fulcrum of management is also very important. Therefore, beauty is the foundation of world beauty; Peace is the foundation of the world; The most valuable person is the foundation of your world. The ancients were different from each other, pretending to be beautiful, evil, thick, thin, embarrassed or happy, embarrassed or tired. It is not unusual to think that obscene and boastful voices will be based on Ren Ming's words. Therefore, it is carved, carved and written for it, so that it can distinguish between noble and low, without seeking its view; For bells and drums, pipes, harps and sheng, it is enough to distinguish good luck, lovesickness and peace, but not the rest; For palaces and balconies, it is enough to avoid dryness and dampness, cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's nature, and distinguish between light and heavy, and nothing else. The poem says: "Carving its chapter is a golden treasure, a king, and disciplined on all sides." This is also called.
? If her husband values color and clothes, tastes and food, wealth and control, and cooperates with the world, but she does not particularly think that she is immoral and Thai, she is firmly committed to the world, controls all changes, nurtures all people, and controls the world at the same time. This is the goodness of Mo Ruo's benevolence. So its knowledge and thoughtfulness are enough to cure it, its kindness is enough to calm it, and its virtue is enough to melt it. The more you gain, the more chaotic you lose. People sincerely rely on their knowledge, so they work hard, serve them and improve their knowledge; Honesty and beauty are also thick, so we should save and nurture them for their death; Honesty and beauty is also its virtue, so it is engraved, engraved and embarrassed, and the text is decorated with princes to raise its virtue. Therefore, the benevolent is above the world, the people are as expensive as the emperor, and they are as close as their parents. Those who are willing to die for it have nothing to do with it. What they do is sincere and beautiful, what they earn is sincere and big, and what they benefit is sincere and much. The poem says: "I want to be my chariot, I want to drive my cattle, I want to gather and cover my clouds!" " "This is also called.
? So: a gentleman has virtue, and a villain has power; The battle of strength and virtue. The strength of the people, wait for it and then work; That group of people, make peace later; The wealth of the people, wait for it and then gather; The embarrassment of the people awaits it; The life of the people, waiting for it; Father and son are close, brothers are unhappy, and men and women are happy. A few people have grown up, and so have the elderly. Therefore, it is said that "heaven and earth are born, and saints are artificial." This is also called.
? This world is not like this: thick knives and thick cloth, gathering money and grabbing money; Pay attention to the gift of the field to grab food; It is difficult to impose high tariffs on this city. Otherwise, it's just: there are tricks and tactics to overthrow, to reverse each other and to defeat us. As we all know, there is pollution and riots here, which will be very dangerous. If you are a minister or a murderer, you can surrender or kill him, condense his city, double his festival, and never die. For no other reason, the owner took it. The poem says: "Silence, no virtue, no reward." This is also called.
? The way to make the best use of things lies in a clear division of labor: it is the farmers' business to cover the land, with Cao Genggu and productive manure fields. It is also a matter of speed to help the people on time, make progress and make peace with the people so that they don't steal. The highest drought, the lowest water, the harmony between cold and summer, and the timely grain is a natural principle. If the husband loves it day after day and does it day by day, it is a matter of sages and sages. Although the floods and droughts are fierce, the people are not cold.
? Mozi's words are clearly concerned about the country and the people. Lack of husband is not a public disaster in the world, especially Mozi's personal worries are too much. Today, it is the soil that breeds grains. If people are well managed, they can get a few pots per mu of land and then get them at the age of one. Then melons, peaches, dates and Li are counted in pots and drums; Then, the meat dishes are sparse; Jun slammed six animals and wild animals into the car; Catfish, catfish, fish, turtle, loach and herring flock at different times; Then birds, birds and geese are like a sea of smoke; Then insects are born in it, which can eat each other and raise countless people. Everything in the world is innate enough to eat people; The silk of hemp cocoon, the feather and tooth leather of birds and animals, is also innate enough to convince people. Husband is more than enough, and it is not a public hazard in the world. Especially Mozi's personal worries have been calculated.
? All the people in the world suffer, and they are also hurt. Who is Hu who doesn't try to seek chaos? I think Mozi's "non-happiness" also confuses the world; Mozi's "frugality" also made the world poor and inevitably declined. Mozi is "big" in the world. If there is a small country, he will eat bad clothes and be sad but not happy. If it is barren, it is not desirable; If you don't want it, you can't reward it. Mozi has a big world, a small country and few people. He has kept his official position and made great contributions to the cause and the people. If it is, it is not awesome; No threat, no punishment. If the reward is not good, then the sage can't get it and can't get in; If the punishment is not good, the unscrupulous will not get it, and they will not stop. Sages can't get it, and unscrupulous people can't get it, so can you get it and be an official? If so, everything is gone, things are gone, things are gone, things are gone, people are gone, and the world is peaceful. If it is burnt, Mozi will wear brown clothes and drink water for it. Evil enough? We should not only cut off its roots and exhaust its roots, but also focus on the world.
interpret
? Everything in the world is in the same space, but in different forms, which is the law of nature. They have no fixed use, but they are useful to people. Humans live in groups and have the same pursuit, but they have different ways to get satisfaction and desires, but their wisdom to satisfy desires is different. This is human nature. People have their own views on things, in this respect, smart people and stupid people are the same; But people have different views on some things. From this perspective, there is a difference between smart people and stupid people. If people with the same status but different wisdom seek selfish interests unscrupulously and indulge their selfish desires endlessly, then people will rise up and fight without being persuaded. If so, then the wise cannot be governed; Wise men can't govern the country, can't make achievements, and can't achieve fame; If you don't succeed, you won't succeed, so people can't tell the difference between generations, high and low, and up and down; There is no hierarchy among people, so the relationship between monarch and subjects cannot be established. Without the officials in charge of the monarch and the superiors in charge of the subordinates, the disasters in the world will continue to happen, because everyone does whatever he wants. People like or hate the same things, but they like more things but have less things. Without them, there will be competition. Therefore, everyone's life needs goods from various industries to support it. But one can't know all the skills and manage everything at the same time. Therefore, people can't be divorced from society, otherwise they will get into trouble, but if they live in groups without rules of birthright, struggles will arise. There is nothing better than making clear the difference between posts and grades in order to avoid worries and disasters. The strong intimidate the weak, the wise fear the foolish, the lower class disobey the monarch, and the young bully the old and do not govern the political affairs according to the principle of propriety and righteousness. In this way, the old and infirm will have the worry of no one to support them, and the able-bodied will also suffer from separatist struggles. People hate careers and like the benefits of fame and fortune. If everyone's responsibilities are not defined, then things will be difficult to set up and people will worry about striving for success. The combination of men and women, the separation of husband and wife, marriage, betrothal and wedding banquet, if there is no etiquette, then people will be worried about losing their marriage and will be in trouble for women. So smart people give people names.
? The way to enrich the country: save money, enrich the people and properly store surplus. Saving expenses must be carried out in accordance with the prescribed grading standards, so that people's relief must rely on various political measures. If you save money, you must have surplus property, so that people can become rich when they are rich. When the people are rich, the farmland will be well managed, fertilized more and cultivated carefully; The grain produced in this way will increase by a hundredfold. The monarch collects taxes according to law, while his subjects use them sparingly according to etiquette. In this way, the surplus grain will pile up like a mountain, and even if it is burned frequently, there is still no place to store it. Why should a gentleman worry about not having a surplus? Therefore, if you know how to save money and make people rich, you will certainly get a reputation for being kind and kind, and you will also have mountains of wealth. What is the reason? Is to save money and make people rich. If you don't know how to save money, you will make people rich, and you will make people poor; When people are poor, farmland will be barren and barren; If the farmland is barren and barren, the grain output will not reach half of the normal harvest. In this way, even if the monarch plunders, he still gets very little; If you don't control the use according to the regulations, then the monarch will have a reputation of greed and exploitation, and the granary will be empty and scarce. There is no other reason for this, just because I don't know how to save money and enrich the people. "Kang patent" theory; "Sheltering the people is like covering the earth with heaven, and you can get rich by observing etiquette and morality." That's what I said.
? The ritual system has a certain aristocratic rank, a certain order for the young and the old, and different rules for the rich and the poor. Therefore, the emperor wears a red robe and hat, the princes wear a black robe and hat, the doctors wear long dresses and hats, and the scholars wear hats made of white deerskin and white pleated skirts. Morality and position must be commensurate, position and salary must be commensurate, and salary and fee must be commensurate. From the above, we can see that etiquette and music must be used to restrain and adjust, and the masses should be controlled to some extent. Divide the vassal States according to the size of the land, calculate the income to use the people, and award posts according to their ability; Serving the people will certainly make them competent for their own work, and will certainly generate income enough to feed the people. Generally, their expenses such as food and clothing and various expenses will offset their income, and they must store their surplus food and property in time. This is called obeying the law. So, from the son of heaven to Shu Ren, no matter big or small, and so on. Therefore, there are no lucky official positions in the court, and there are no people who are idle and lucky enough to survive. "Tell the truth.
? Only by reducing the land tax, appropriately collecting the tax from the checkpoint market, reducing the number of businessmen, running fewer labor projects and not robbing the farming season can the country become rich. This is called decree enriching the people.
? People's survival can not be separated from social groups, but social groups will fight without rank titles, and the struggle will be chaotic, and if they get into chaos, they will get into trouble. Therefore, there is no rank birthright, which is a great disaster for mankind; Having an innate status is the fundamental interest of this world; And the monarch is the center in charge of this distinction. So praising the monarch is the basis of praising the world; Maintaining the monarch is the foundation of maintaining the world; Respect for the monarch is the basis of respect for the world. The ancient emperors divided people into different grades, so some people were praised, some were punished, some were well paid, some were poorly paid, some were comfortable and happy, and some worked hard all day. This is not to deliberately create debauchery, arrogance, luxury, gorgeous, but to use it to distinguish between the noble and the low, showing the etiquette. Therefore, carving and making all kinds of gold and jade wood products and embroidering all kinds of ornaments on the dress are just to distinguish each other's status, not to pursue beauty. Musical instruments such as bells, drums, pipes, harps, cymbals and sheng are set up to distinguish auspicious events from ominous events, celebrate together and create a harmonious atmosphere, with no other purpose; Building palaces, rooms, terraces, pavilions and pavilions is enough to avoid dryness and humidity and maintain virtue, rather than pursuing anything else. The Book of Songs says: Carved heraldic, golden jade is the essence. My king is diligent and in charge of all directions. "Said this.
? As for wearing gorgeous clothes, enjoying delicious food, accumulating rich wealth and controlling it, so that the whole world can be ruled by itself, this is not to deliberately create luxury and arrogance, but to unify the world, handle all kinds of affairs, make use of everything, support people and benefit everyone. There really is nothing better than a benevolent gentleman. Therefore, the wisdom of a benevolent gentleman is enough to govern the world, his kindness is enough to appease the people, and his virtue is enough to influence the people. Win the hearts of the people, the world is safe; Without the support of the people, the world will be in chaos. People really rely on his wisdom, so they work for him in droves to reassure him so as to maintain his wisdom; The people are very grateful for his kindness, so they will defend him to the death to maintain his kindness. The people really improved his virtue, so they carved vessels with various patterns and made gorgeous costumes for him to maintain his virtue. Therefore, a kind-hearted gentleman is on the throne, and the people respect him as a god, love him as a parent, and are willing to die for it. There is no other reason, because the administrative decrees he has determined are too good, his achievements are really great, and he has brought too many benefits to the people. The Book of Songs says: We carry things, we pull carts, we drive, we lead cows, and when we are finished, we are ordered to go back. "Said this.
? Therefore, a gentleman depends on virtue, and a villain depends on labor. Those who work hard will be enslaved by those who use virtue. People's labor can only be accomplished by the education of gentlemen; The social life of the people depends on the education of gentlemen to be harmonious, the property of the people depends on the education of gentlemen to accumulate, the status of the people depends on the education of gentlemen to be stable, and the life span of the people depends on the education of gentlemen to be long. Without gentleman's education, father and son can't love each other, brothers can't live in harmony, and husband and wife can't help each other. Teenagers grow up with his education, and the elderly support the elderly with his education. Therefore, "heaven and earth raise it, and saints make it." That's what I'm talking about.
? The world today is not like this. The people above seriously plundered people's property, increased land taxes to plunder people's food, and increased tariffs to obstruct people's trade activities. Not only that, they also used coercion, extortion, Machiavellian and other means to subvert each other and harm the people. The people clearly know that their filth, cruelty and fornication will bring great disaster to the country. In this way, there are officials who kill the monarch, subordinates who kill superiors, and people who betray the city, violate moral integrity, and do not work for the cause of the monarch. For no other reason, the monarch deserved it. The Book of Songs says: "Words must be answered, and deeds must be rewarded." That's what I'm talking about.
? The principle of making the world rich is to take a clear stand. Reclaiming land, rectifying land, eradicating weeds, planting grain and fertilizing land are the business of farmers and people. It is the general's job to master the farming season, inspire farmers, promote production, increase income, make people harmonious and not lazy. It is natural that the highlands are not dry, the depressions are not waterlogged, the four seasons are suitable for cold and summer, and the grains mature on time. As for protecting the people in general, caring for the people in general and managing the people in an all-round way, even if there is drought and flood, the people will not be hungry and cold. This is a matter for a wise monarch and a wise prime minister.
? Mozi's remarks are very worrying about the shortage of things in the world. But what he is worried about is the shortage of materials, not the scourge of the people all over the world, but only Mozi's personal worry. Now grain grows on that land. If people are good at managing it, how many pots of grain can be produced per acre and harvested twice a year. In addition, the harvest of each tree, such as melon, peach, jujube and plum, must be calculated according to the basin; Secondly, there are countless kinds of vegetables; Secondly, all kinds of livestock and hunting animals are so fat that one person monopolizes a car; Catfish, catfish, soft-shelled turtle, loach and eel are bred on time and raised in groups; Third, there are so many birds, wild ducks and geese, because smoke covers the sea; There are also insects and all kinds of creatures growing between heaven and earth: there are many things that can feed people. Everything in heaven and earth grows enough for people to eat; Silk, linen, animal skins and bird skins are enough for people to use. Therefore, the shortage of materials is not the scourge of the world, but Mozi's personal anxiety.
? The evil of the world is caused by chaos. Why not try to find out who caused this mess? I think Mozi's unhappy thought will make the world chaos. He advocates saving, so the world will be poor. This is not intended to slander Mozi, but because his proposition will inevitably lead to this conclusion. If Mozi were allowed to rule the world, or a vassal state, he would wear coarse clothes, eat inferior food and sadly oppose music. In this way, then the enjoyment of life is very meager: if life is meager, it is not worth pursuing, and if it is not worth pursuing, then the reward cannot be implemented. If Mozi was in charge of the world, or a vassal state, he would reduce his servants, streamline his official positions, advocate hard work, and go along with the people. In this way, the monarch has no authority; If the monarch has no authority, the guilty will not be punished. Rewards cannot be implemented, and sages cannot use them; If you can't punish, then the wicked can't be fired. Sages cannot be appointed, and immoral people cannot be dismissed, so those who are capable and those who are incapable cannot be properly appointed. In this way, everything will be uncoordinated and emergencies will not be handled accordingly; In the world, I miss the day; Next, lose the geographical position, in the middle; Then lose people and; Human suffering is burning; Although Mozi only wears coarse clothes, makes belts with thick ropes, eats bean leaves and drinks white water, how can he make the people rich? Now that it has damaged its roots and exhausted its source, the property in the world has dried up.
To annotate ...
(1) number: a natural truth.
(2) Knowledge: transmitting "wisdom".
(3) health: read "sex".
(4) County: disparity, difference.
(5) the same thing: the same kind.
(6) officer: pass "management".
(7) tree accident: it is difficult to establish a career.
(8) Inside: Pass "Na".
(9) Tibet: Pass "Tibet" and collect.
(10) Yi: Zhi.
(1 1) Contamination: barren.
(12) correction: collection.
(13) Gao Kang: Zhang Shangshu.
(14): red with "Zhu". You: Tong "Zhou" refers to the dragon robe.
(15) Bi: a formal dress worn by princes and doctors when they meet the son of heaven.
(16) Pige: a hat made of white deerskin.
(17) "cover".
(18) Pei: Hard work, fatigue.
(19) Description: It refers to the pattern on the clothes. Black and white are fu, blue and black are fu, green and red are Wei Wen, and red and white are chapters.
(20) Viewpoint: More meaning.
(2 1) from the Book of Songs? Daya？ Park "
(22) system: prohibition.
(23) material: pass "cut".
(24) Death and death: immortality.
(25) Francisco: Pass the "Fan".
(26) From The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Vivi.
(27) Work: completion and success.
(28) Length: longevity, longevity.
(29) Otherwise: Not only that.
(30) Yes: read "you". "Deviation, containment". He: Hang.
(3 1) Disturbance: corruption.
(32) From The Book of Songs? Daya？ restrain
(33) Wei: The pronunciation of "grass".
(34) general rate: general, in charge of military, political and civil affairs.
(35) Obviously: anxious.
(36) Hey: pass the "special", exclusive, exclusive, exclusive.
(37) Mizuz Arbus.
(38) Abortion: "slander" and slander.
(39) Ao: It is sad to preach "Ao".
(40) Hey: Pass "Sip".
(4 1) Shu: Through "carving", carving.
(42) Gradually: aggravate.
pedant
? Xunzi's rich country is very long and can be interpreted in two parts.
? Everything in the world is in the same space, with different shapes and no fixed use, but it is useful to people, which is a natural law; Humans live in groups and have the same pursuit, but they have different ways to get satisfaction and desires, but their wisdom to satisfy desires is different. This is human nature. Rich Country begins with describing the laws of nature, just like Buddhism and Buddhism. Because the same is different, we should have a birthright.
? The way to enrich the country: save money and enrich the people, and keep the surplus grain properly. Saving expenses is carried out according to the grade standard, so people's relief must rely on political measures. The monarch collects taxes according to law, while his subjects use them sparingly according to etiquette. In the words of Kang Patent; "Sheltering the people is like covering the earth with heaven, and you can get rich by observing etiquette and morality." This is the principle of rich countries.
? Formulate a ritual system and define the level; Reduce land tax, appropriately levy checkpoint market tax, and make decrees to enrich the people. People's survival, to make groups hierarchical, will not lead to social chaos. Dressing and eating are the rational use of the laws of nature and the needs of the rich. A gentleman depends on virtue, while a villain depends on labor. The principle of making the world rich is to take a clear stand.
? Refute Mozi's idea of advocating frugality here, and then the world will be poor. People think that if Mozi takes power, the world will fall into poverty and chaos.
? Xunzi believed that only by following the laws of nature, reasonably guiding, grading and respecting etiquette can rich countries and enrich the people, instead of being frugal like Mozi. This is Xunzi's public expression of his idea of governing the country. Right or wrong, since some people have commented, this is just a phenomenon statement.