1. Accounting Basic Fund Accounting refers to collecting, sorting out and processing accounting information about fund investment and operation, accurately recording changes in fund assets, and providing financial data and accounting statements to relevant parties in a timely manner. While following the general accounting principles, fund accounting is mainly based on the Accounting Measures for Securities Investment Funds promulgated by the Ministry of Finance. In practice, fund management companies are responsible for the accounting of securities investment funds, and the funds they manage should take the funds as the accounting subject, establish accounts independently, and conduct independent accounting, so as to ensure that different funds are independent of each other in register, account setting, fund allocation and account book records. At the same time, as the fund custodian is responsible for reviewing the net asset value and performance report of the fund calculated by the fund management company, the fund custodian also needs to conduct accounting for the securities investment funds under his custody and check the relevant results with the fund management company.
Two. Accounting subjects According to the Accounting Measures for Securities Investment Funds, the accounting subjects of funds include assets, liabilities, holders' rights and interests and profits and losses. Asset accounting subjects mainly include bank deposits, liquidation reserve, stock investment, bond investment, interest receivable, subscription receivable, other receivables, investment valuation and appreciation. Liability accounting subjects mainly include remuneration payable to managers, custody fees payable, redemption fees payable and other payables. Holder's equity accounting subjects mainly include paid-in capital, unrealized income, current income, etc. Profit and loss accounting subjects mainly include stock price difference income, bond price difference income, bond interest income, dividend income and other expenses. The above-mentioned first-level accounting subjects can set up second-level or third-level detailed accounts according to the needs when accounting. The specific accounting contents of each accounting subject can be found in the Accounting Measures for Securities Investment Funds.
Three. Accounting process (I) Collection of accounting data The collection of accounting data is the starting point of accounting work. The relevant data sources are all kinds of economic data in the fund investment operation, which can be divided into three types according to the different access channels: the transaction data of internal transactions of the fund sent by China Securities Depository and Clearing Co., Ltd. via satellite; OTC data sent by the manager; Notice of account entry of bank funds, announcement information of fund rights and interests, etc.
1. When the Fund invests in listed securities, the exchange sends the daily transaction data to the custodian through the one-way satellite transmission system, and the custodian reads the transaction data through the special financial accounting software, and automatically generates corresponding accounting vouchers when bookkeeping.
2. In addition to the transaction data, other investment activities and expenses required to maintain the normal operation of the fund investment come from the investment instructions of the fund manager. Investment instruction is a written instruction issued by the fund manager to the trustee on the disposal of fund assets, which is the basis for fund settlement and accounting personnel to record the corresponding accounting books. According to the accounting requirements of accrual basis, the execution of fund managers' investment instructions is the actual occurrence of transactions on the premise that there are real transactions in investment instructions. Accountants can conduct manual accounting, generate vouchers and record them in account books. For accounts receivable such as bank deposit interest, management fee and custody fee payable by the fund, the custodian automatically generates interest-bearing and bookkeeping vouchers every day through special financial software and records them in the accounting books.
Corresponding expenses will occur during the fund investment operation, including: (1) management fee. The proportion and method of management fee are stipulated in the fund prospectus and fund contract, and the annual management fee generally does not exceed 65438+ 0.5% of the net asset value of the managed fund. After the fund starts to operate, the management fee will be withdrawn from the fund assets every day, and the custodian will transfer the management fee payable to the designated account in the next month according to the instructions of the manager.
(2) Custody fee is similar to management fee. The proportion and method of provision of custody fees are stipulated in the fund prospectus and fund contract, and the annual custody rate generally does not exceed 0.25% of the net asset value of the custody fund. After the fund starts to operate, the custody fee will be accrued from the fund assets every day, and the custodian will transfer the custody fee payable to the designated account in the next month according to the instructions of the manager.
(3) Other expenses funds will also generate other expenses in the investment operation, such as registration fees, annual listing fees, information disclosure fees, holders' meeting fees, audit fees, attorney fees, etc. After the above fees are verified by both the fund manager and the custodian, the fund manager sends a payment instruction to the custodian to transfer the money to the designated account.
3. The depository bank of the fund may also generate some accounts, such as bank interest settlement, refund of new share subscription balance, etc. After receiving the posting notice from the deposit bank, the custodian will post it accordingly to increase the balance of the deposit account in the fund bank. The equity matters of the stocks and bonds held by the Fund include dividends, announcement of additional issuance, listing of new shares, etc. The custodian shall make corresponding accounting treatment according to the announcement information of newspapers and information media.
(II) Accounting Data Processing Fund accounting processing is a process of processing and sorting out the economic information of fund investment and operation.