Relevant laws and regulations
Article 63 of China's General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that citizens and legal persons may carry out civil juristic acts through agents. An agent carries out civil juristic acts in the name of the principal within the scope of agency authority, and the principal shall bear civil liability for the agent's agency acts.
National laws and regulations
For the concept of agency, civil law countries generally have a narrow definition. The article 164, paragraph 1 of the German Civil Code stipulates that the expression of will made by the agent in the name of the principal within the scope of agency authority has direct effect on the principal and the principal. [1] Article 1984 of the French Civil Code stipulates that entrustment or agency is the act that one party authorizes the other party to handle affairs for the principal in the name of the principal. [2] In order to broaden the scope of agency, civil law countries also stipulate that the principal can only have a legal relationship with a third party after two contract procedures. The first is a contract concluded between an agent and a third party, and the second is a contract in which an agent transfers relevant rights to a client. The concept of agency in Anglo-American legal system is relatively complete and has the characteristics of integration. British jurists believe that when a person (agent) enters into a contract with a third party under the authorization of the principal (principal), the legal relationship between the agent and the principal is called agency. The contract concluded by the agent is valid for the principal and the third party. [3] Obviously, the agent expressed in this concept includes both express agent and anonymous agent (the so-called agent means that when concluding a contract with a third party, he indicates that he is an agent, but does not indicate the name of the principal), and also includes agents who have not disclosed the identity of the principal (agents who have not disclosed the identity of the principal), even in the agency relationship of the three parties. In contrast, the concept of agency stipulated in Article 63 of the General Principles of Civil Law is too narrow, that is, the agent must be in the name of the principal, and only the agent is understood as the act of the principal. From a legal point of view, agency refers not only to agency behavior, but also to agency legal system, and more importantly, to agency legal relationship. Accordingly, some scholars put forward that agency is a civil legal relationship between the principal, the agent and the third party. An agent carries out civil activities with a third party according to the agency right, and his rights and obligations are directly borne by the principal, but the relationship between behavior and discipline is not included in the concept of agency. [4] This concept broadens the scope of the concept of agency in China, indicating that the agency in China should include not only express agency, but also anonymous agency, and regard this subject as an independent civil legal relationship. Article 63 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that citizens and legal persons may carry out civil juristic acts through agents. An agent carries out civil juristic acts in the name of the principal within the scope of agency authority, and the principal shall bear civil liability for the agent's agency acts.
In the laws and regulations of various countries, the concept of agency is generally narrow. The article 164, paragraph 1 of the German Civil Code stipulates that the expression of will made by the agent in the name of the principal within the scope of agency authority has direct effect on the principal and the principal. [1] Article 1984 of the French Civil Code stipulates that entrustment or agency is the act that one party authorizes the other party to handle affairs for the principal in the name of the principal. [2] In order to broaden the scope of agency, civil law countries also stipulate that the principal can only have a legal relationship with a third party after two contract procedures. The first is a contract concluded between an agent and a third party, and the second is a contract in which an agent transfers relevant rights to a client. The concept of agency in Anglo-American legal system is relatively complete and has the characteristics of integration. British jurists believe that when a person (agent) enters into a contract with a third party under the authorization of the principal (principal), the legal relationship between the agent and the principal is called agency. The contract concluded by the agent is valid for the principal and the third party. [3] Obviously, the agent expressed in this concept includes both express agent and anonymous agent (the so-called agent means that when concluding a contract with a third party, he indicates that he is an agent, but does not indicate the name of the principal), and also includes agents who have not disclosed the identity of the principal (agents who have not disclosed the identity of the principal), even in the agency relationship of the three parties.
In contrast, the concept of agency stipulated in Article 63 of the General Principles of Civil Law is too narrow, that is, the agent must be in the name of the principal, and only the agent is understood as the act of the principal. From a legal point of view, agency refers not only to agency behavior, but also to agency legal system, and more importantly, to agency legal relationship. Accordingly, some scholars put forward that agency is a civil legal relationship between the principal, the agent and the third party. An agent carries out civil activities with a third party according to the agency right, and his rights and obligations are directly borne by the principal, but the relationship between behavior and discipline is not included in the concept of agency. [4] This concept broadens the scope of the concept of agency in China, indicating that the agency in China should include not only express agency, but also anonymous agency, and regard this subject as an independent civil legal relationship.
Speech is ok, but it is of little use. The best way is to exchange business. You must be the freight forwarder. It should be understandable. It is more practical than legal documents to coordinate the proportion of imports and exports and achieve fiscal balance.