In different countries, different systems and different historical periods, the international definition of state-owned enterprises is very different. State-owned enterprises in China are defined according to control rights and business objectives, that is, the government can exercise effective direct or indirect control over them (ownership is the first thing to exercise control rights legally), and enterprises with commercial or non-commercial objectives can be defined as state-owned enterprises, including state-controlled joint-stock enterprises. It is commonly referred to as state-owned enterprises, that is, state-owned enterprises.