First, the characteristics of finance
Finance is a credit transaction.
2. In principle, finance must aim at money.
3. Financial transactions can occur among various economic sectors.
4. Finance is an economic category formed after the emergence of credit currency. The most obvious feature of finance is bank credit, which can create money and reduce money. Bank credit is considered as the core of finance.
Second, financial institutions.
Banks, securities companies, finance companies, gold and silver exchanges, foreign exchange exchanges, stock exchanges, financial leasing companies, investment trust companies, credit cooperatives and insurance companies.
China's finance has four pillars: banking, securities, insurance and trust. They all have the property of financing. They * * * transfer the most liquid asset, money, from a surplus place to a scarce place, thus realizing the optimal allocation of resources.
However, due to the supervision system of separate operation, securities, insurance and trust can not engage in the basic services of banks, which can be called supervision barriers, but this barrier is not unbreakable. Even today, when penetrating supervision has been put forward, because supervision always lags behind the development and innovation of finance, innovators in different industries can always find new business models that bypass supervision in order to pursue profits.
Third, the banking system.
China's banking system consists of the central bank, regulators, self-regulatory organizations and financial institutions. I: People's Bank of China (PBOC), a department of the State Council. The main responsibilities are: to formulate and implement monetary policies, prevent and resolve financial risks, and maintain financial stability.
China Banking Regulatory Commission: Established on April 25th, 2003, it is a ministerial organization directly under the State Council. The main responsibilities are: unified supervision and management of banks, financial asset management companies, trust and investment companies and other deposit-taking financial institutions, and safeguarding the legal and steady operation of the banking industry.
Banking financial institutions and policy banks (three): China Development Bank, Agricultural Development Bank of The Export-Import Bank of China and China. The characteristics of policy banks are: low loan interest rate, long term and specific service target; China's top five banks: workers and peasants establish diplomatic relations.
Joint-stock commercial banks (nationwide 12): China Merchants Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China CITIC Bank, China Everbright Bank, Huaxia Bank, Minsheng Bank, China Guangfa Bank, Industrial Bank, Ping An Bank, Zheshang Bank, hengfeng bank and Bohai Bank.
Joint-stock commercial banks are a type of commercial banks. Joint-stock commercial banks have become a dynamic new force in China's commercial banking system and an indispensable part of the development of banking industry and even the national economy.
Fourth, the role of finance.
Finance occupies a core position in modern economy and is an important lever to adjust macro-economy. In modern economic life, finance is the lifeline and medium to communicate the whole social and economic life.
In real life, everyone can't live without finance, and finance has penetrated people's lives more and more deeply. Bank deposit, stock investment, house mortgage loan, credit card, online transaction and virtual currency.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) The importance of finance
The financial system has realized the free flow of basic production factor capital, which has contributed to the potential mutually beneficial exchange requirements of capital surplus and deficiency. An efficient economy is one in which factors flow freely and potential exchange opportunities are realized as much as possible.
Therefore, the efficient operation of the financial system is the basic condition for the efficient operation of the whole economy. If capital is the blood of the economic system, then finance is the blood circulation system.