-a generalized problem.
-"Company" is not "company or legal person"
According to the translation of enterprise name, "the English name of' Company' is either Company (abbreviated as Co.) or Corp (abbreviated as Corp.). )。 The author of this paper may say this to emphasize that company and corporation are the two preferred equivalents of "company", but after all, it is profitable to summarize and mislead readers. As we all know, when English expresses the meanings of "company" and "enterprise", it uses the broad equivalents of "company" from time to time, such as firm, house, business, concern, Partnership, con 1plex, group, Consortium, establishment, venture and consortium. Even in proprietary company names, "company" is by no means limited to companies and legal persons. Lines, agents, etc. It is also a well-founded "company", and sometimes even an irreplaceable "company" of the former and the old. Specifically.
1. Shipping, aviation, sea transportation, etc. ) company. For example:
Atlantic container shipping company.
Hawaiian Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines
2. Agency: company, correspondent bank. For example:
Austin advertising company Austin advertising company
China ocean shipping agency.
3. Stores and department stores. For example:
Great Global Store World Department Store (UK)
Tesco Stores (Holdings) Tansco Department Store (UK)
The partners joined the (joint) company. For example:
British United nuclear energy company
Submarine Equipment Alliance Co., Ltd. (jointly established by Britain, France and the United States)
5. System 7 (broadcasting, aviation, etc.). ) company. For example:
Mutual broadcasting system mutual broadcasting company
Malaysia Airlines. Malaysia Airlines
6. Office: company, often used with head office and head office. For example.
3M China Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch
3M China Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch
China Books Import and Export Company (Head Office)
China books import and export company
7. service: (service) company. For example:
Africa-New Zealand service
Africa-New Zealand Ophthalmology Company
Tropical air service company
Tropical airlines
In addition, words such as exchange and center can also escape to the meaning of "company" in a specific context. For example:
American manufacturer's foreign credit
Insurance exchange
American manufacturers export credit insurance company
Binkesi (Shanghai) Engineering Exhibition Center Co., Ltd.
Binkesi (Shanghai) Painting Engineering Equipment Exhibition Co., Ltd.
It is worth mentioning that not only the expression of "company" is varied, but also some specific companies often have more than one expression. For example, "joint company" has the following flexible expressions besides the word associated company.
1. United Coal Company (USA)
9. United Aircraft Corporation (USA)
2. United Food Industry Corporation (Singapore)
4. United Oil Company
5. United department store
6. Union Carbide Company crowned Union Carbide Company (USA)
7. United with British subsidiaries and United with British film companies.
8. China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export Corporation.
China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export United Company
Second, speaking out of turn habits.
-"insurance companies" are not all called "insurance companies"
There are a few words in the book Practical Translation Course: "Secondly, some enterprises will have their own vocabulary habits, which will become the rules over time. The most typical example is the "insurance company", which is called "insurance company" no matter which country it is in, regardless of its size (Liu Jichun, 1996: 204). The author of the Tutorial made this remark when telling the usage difference between company and corporation. The implication is that corporation can only be replaced by "company" of "insurance company", because it is customary to advocate otherwise. I saw several insurances on pages 464 and 465 of the English-Chinese Foreign Trade Dictionary. They are:
1.exportcreditinsl1Lance Export Chiyo Insurance Company (Supplementary). Fxnrnrt Fin3Nc。 Five ndIn 1] r ancient ncp CnTnor formula.
Export Finance and Insurance Company (Easy)
3.Fp is like rAI Tn, Ge Li Ran, and CnrnntRtinn.
Federal insurance company [soup]
4. Feder Rideno is like Tin Party 1lrRncP Cnrnnrbtinn.
Federal insurance company (poor people) Export payment insurance company.
Export Support Insurance Company (Australia 1
6. Federal savings and loan insurance
company
Li Anguo Savings and Loan Insurance Company (USA) From this perspective, an "insurance company" can be a company, a joint-stock company or an exchange (see above). According to the survey, office and concern can be used with Insurance, meaning "insurance company". It is worth noting that the word "insurance" in "insurance company" is not limited to insurance, as evidenced by examples.
1. Development Insurance Company (1
2. American International Insurance Company. arner lican intprnatinnuitndprwritpr corporation
American international insurance company
Third, the specious problem.
-"Office" is not "branch"
There are several common English translations of "head office" in the article: "Why can't you see that" no promotion "is synonymous with corporation or con 1panv? That is to say, when "head office", "branch office" or "branch office" appear in one sentence at the same time, the opposite of "head office" can only be branches and offices. The former is a' branch office' solution, and the latter is a' branch office' solution. (Hu, 1993: 57) In China, it is taken for granted that office is a branch office; Probably not many people. In practice, "branch" is also translated into offices (such as Shantou Branch of China Silk Import and Export Corporation and China Silk LMP Company). &exp。 Shantou office of Guangdong branch of head office). Interestingly, among thousands of English company names, the author has not found a name that uses both corporation and office in spoken language, and indicates "head office" and "branch office" respectively. Therefore, I wonder if this means that Chinese and English have different usage habits in company names, or that we have an incorrect understanding of the word office-? With the latter question, the author inquired about some reference books in English and Italian. The general view is that office is often used as a business solution, and sometimes it is also used as a synonym for concern and complexity. Business has such a definition, that is, people, partnerships or companies engaged in commerce, manufacturing or service industries (Webster's Encyclopedia has no bound English dictionary, updated and revised Deluxe Edition, page 283), from which it is not difficult to see that office can undoubtedly refer to companies engaged in commerce or production. Therefore, it is not appropriate to subjectively oppose the office and the company. Secondly, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that office is a "company" rather than a "branch" from the following collocation and connotation of the same group-head office; Head office: domestic head office; Branch, branch; Insurance firm: insurance company.
Fourthly, the problem of saving translation.
-The words "industry" and "development" cannot be omitted at will.
In Chinese and English company names, "company" can sometimes be omitted; In practice, the word "head office" is sometimes omitted. In addition, some comrades advocate saving translation! Development, and the words "industry and trade", because "there is really no word that can mean" industry ","but what enterprising company doesn't want to develop new products? " There is no suitable equivalent in English. " (D 1989: 37) The author believes that in the translation of company names, it is necessary to save time when it is saved, and save time when it is saved, otherwise the name is not justified (that is, it is difficult to display information such as the company's scale, affiliation, business scope and company nature). For example, if the words "development", "industry" and "company" in "Zhuhai Special Zone Development Industrial Company" can be omitted, wouldn't it be translated into "Zhuhai Special Zone"? ! Of course, how to translate "industrial company" and "industry and trade company" deserves further discussion. For example, there are at least five translations of Industrial Company at present, which one is the best translation or whether there are other wonderful translations remains to be determined and tested by practice.
1. Pacific industrial company
Pacific industries ltd
2. Huaguang Light Industry Company
Huaguang light industry company
3. Guanglian Industry Limited
Guanglian industry and commerce company
4. Zhuhai Special Zone Development Industrial Company
Zhuhai special economic zone development enterprise company
Guangdong foreign trade industrial company
Guangdong foreign trade industrial enterprise company
Verb (abbreviation of verb) subjective hypothesis
Translation of "total" in "head office" is not "obviously inappropriate"
Because General can be interpreted as "general" and "universal", some comrades in the translation field think that "it is obviously inappropriate to use general to represent the word" common ".The author thinks that it is not only understandable to use general to represent the word" common ",but also easy to be in line with international standards. Have you noticed that many famous companies in the world use general to mean "leading"? For example:
General transportation company (UK)
American general transportation company
OII central oil company
In fact, generale's understanding of "total" can also be proved in the names of French companies, because in the names of French companies, besides universelle and centrale, generic is often used to express the same meaning. For example.
International trade company (Italy)
Beer Company (France)
Ridge Fuel Company (France)