According to the total amount in the left column of the balance sheet, it is total assets = current assets+long-term investment+fixed assets+intangible assets and deferred assets+other assets.
I. Indicators reflecting whether the financial structure of an enterprise is reasonable
1, net assets ratio = total shareholders' equity/total assets.
This index is mainly used to reflect the financial strength and debt repayment safety of enterprises, and its reciprocal is the debt ratio. The ratio of net assets is directly proportional to the financial strength of the enterprise, but if the ratio is too high, it shows that the financial structure of the enterprise is not reasonable. Generally, this indicator should be around 50%, but for some super-large enterprises, the reference standard of this indicator should be lowered.
2. Ratio of net fixed assets = net fixed assets/original value of fixed assets
This index reflects the old and new degree of fixed assets and production capacity of enterprises. Generally, it is better for the index to exceed 75%. This index is of great significance to evaluate the production capacity of industrial enterprises.
3. Capitalization rate = long-term liabilities/(long-term liabilities+shareholders' equity)
This indicator is mainly used to reflect the proportion of long-term interest-bearing liabilities that enterprises need to repay in the whole long-term working capital, so this indicator should not be too high, and should generally be below 20%.
Two. Indicators reflecting shareholders' rights and interests in the net assets of an enterprise
The indicators reflecting shareholders' equity in the net assets of an enterprise mainly include: net assets per share = total shareholders' equity/(total share capital × stock denomination). This indicator shows the value of each share held by shareholders in the enterprise, that is, the value of the net assets represented. This index can be used to judge whether the stock market price is reasonable. Generally speaking, the higher the index, the higher the value represented by each share, but this should be distinguished from the operating performance of enterprises, because the higher the proportion of net assets per share may be caused by the higher the premium obtained by enterprises when issuing shares.
Three, the total assets of an enterprise refers to all assets owned or controlled by the enterprise. Including current assets, long-term investments, fixed assets, intangible and deferred assets, other long-term assets, deferred taxes, etc. , that is, the total assets on the balance sheet of the enterprise.
Return on total assets's calculation formula is as follows: return on total assets = (total profit+interest expense)/average total assets X 100% The average total assets refer to the average of the total assets at the beginning and end of the year. Average total assets = (total assets at the beginning of the year+total assets at the end of the year) /2. In general, enterprises can compare this indicator with the market capital interest rate. If this index is greater than the market interest rate, it shows that enterprises can make full use of financial leverage to operate in debt and get as much income as possible.