The balance sheet reflects all assets, liabilities and owners' equity of an enterprise on a specific date. What is the basis for that enterprise to fill in its balance sheet?
1. What is the basis for filling in the balance sheet?
The principle of compiling the balance sheet is the accounting identity of "assets = liabilities+owners' equity". It is a balanced statement, reflecting that the total assets (left) are equal to the total liabilities and the total owner's equity (right);
It is also a static report, reflecting the financial situation of the enterprise at a certain point in time, such as the end of the month or the end of the year. By setting the columns of "the number at the beginning of the year" and "the number at the end of the year" on the balance sheet, the changes in the financial situation of the enterprise can also be reflected.
Second, how to fill in the balance sheet
(a) according to the general ledger account balance. For example, items such as trading financial assets, short-term loans, notes payable, and employees' salaries payable are filled in directly according to the balance of general ledger accounts such as trading financial assets, short-term loans, notes payable, and employees' salaries payable; Some items need to be filled in according to the ending balance of several general ledger accounts, such as monetary funds, which need to be filled in according to the total ending balance of cash on hand, bank deposits and other monetary funds.
(two) according to the general ledger account balance calculation. For example, accounts payable should be calculated and filled in according to the ending credit balance of related detailed accounts of accounts payable and prepayments, and accounts receivable should be calculated and filled in according to the ending debit balance of related detailed accounts of accounts receivable and prepayments.
(three) according to the balance of general ledger accounts and subsidiary ledger accounts. For example, the "long-term loan" project needs to be calculated and filled out according to the balance of the "long-term loan" general ledger after deducting the long-term loan amount that will expire within one year and the enterprise cannot independently extend the repayment obligation.
(4) Subtract the net balance of the allowance account from the relevant account balance. For example, items such as notes receivable, accounts receivable, long-term equity investment and construction in progress in the balance sheet should be subtracted from the ending balance of notes receivable, accounts receivable, long-term equity investment and construction in progress. "Fixed assets" shall be filled in according to the ending balance of "fixed assets" minus the accumulated depreciation and impairment reserve of fixed assets; "Intangible assets" shall be filled in according to the ending balance of "intangible assets" minus the accumulated amortization and impairment reserve of intangible assets.
(5) Comprehensive application of the above methods to analyze filling. For example, the analysis and summary of the ending balance of general ledger accounts in the balance sheet, such as raw materials, entrusted processing materials, turnover materials, material procurement, materials in transit, goods issued, material cost differences, etc.
Three. Matters needing attention in filling in the balance sheet
There are three formats for preparing the balance sheet: account, report and financial status. Among them, the account balance sheet is divided into left and right sides, assets are listed on the left, liabilities and owners' equity are listed on the right, and the total amount on the left and right sides is balanced. This format of balance sheet is the most widely used, and it is also required by the enterprise accounting system.
No matter what format the balance sheet is, all items need to be classified according to certain standards and arranged in an appropriate order when compiling it. Most countries in the world adopt balance sheets classified by liquidity. First, it divides all projects into three parts: assets, liabilities and owners' equity, and determines their order according to the liquidity of the projects.
Asset items are ranked according to their liquidity, with high liquidity ranking first and low liquidity ranking last; Liabilities are sorted by maturity time, with the near maturity ranking first and the far maturity ranking last; The rights and interests of users are ranked according to their persistence, with high persistence ranking first and low persistence ranking last.
The above is the basis of the balance sheet and the related contents of the balance sheet.
Legal objectivity:
Article 3 of the Company Law A company is an enterprise legal person, with independent legal person property and legal person property rights. The company is liable for its debts with all its property. Shareholders of a limited liability company shall be liable to the company to the extent of their subscribed capital contribution; Shareholders of a joint stock limited company shall be liable to the company to the extent of the shares subscribed by them.