First, the harm caused by the lack of corporate integrity in China
(A) the lack of integrity affects the development of corporate credit and increases transaction costs. Due to the lack of honesty among enterprises, the normal concept of credit has been destroyed, and the function of credit as a means of payment has been greatly weakened, so it is difficult to carry out transactions such as credit sales and advance payment between enterprises normally. At present, the transaction mode between enterprises is more cash transaction, and no credit is granted to each other; Some enterprises even use barter transactions, which seriously reduces the efficiency of the use of funds. The lack of credit has also greatly increased the operating costs and investment risks of enterprises, increased the uncertainty of investment expectations, and made the investment activities of enterprises more cautious and shrinking.
(B) the lack of integrity will make it more difficult to build corporate brands. Brand is the "business card" of an enterprise, representing its image, quality and credibility. Enterprise brand building should be based on honesty, otherwise the brand may become a castle in the air. Excellent brands are accumulated by good credit records, such as Haier and Tongrentang. The competition between enterprises in the future is the competition of brands and the contest of honesty. At the same time, once a well-known brand loses its trust to consumers, it will be mercilessly abandoned by the market. In this tainted milk powder incident, Sanlu brand has been mercilessly abandoned by the market, and well-known brands such as Mengniu, Yili and Guangming have been severely hit, and their share prices have been "halved" and suffered heavy losses.
(C) the lack of corporate integrity is not conducive to the healthy development of China's market economy and the establishment of a harmonious society. First, since the reform and opening up 30 years ago, China's economy has gradually stepped out of the era of shortage economy, and the market has also entered the buyer's market stage. To maintain long-term healthy economic development, expanding domestic demand is an inevitable policy choice. However, due to the lack of corporate integrity, the market is full of fake and shoddy goods, commercial fraud can not be prevented, consumers feel insecure when shopping, and their desire for consumption is suppressed. As a result, the savings rate of urban and rural residents in China remains high, domestic demand is not strong, economic development is highly dependent on foreign countries, economic structure is not reasonable, and the overall economy fails to develop healthily and continuously. Second, over the years, the country's medical reform, the establishment of social security system, the reform of education system, etc. Due to the lack of the support of the credit system, the implementation of the policy is more difficult and the implementation effect is not ideal, which affects the establishment of a harmonious society in China.
(D) The lack of corporate integrity is detrimental to China's commodity image and, to a certain extent, undermines China's foreign economic exchanges. In foreign economic exchanges, some enterprises shoddy and even sell fake and shoddy goods abroad, which harms the interests of foreign consumers, tarnishes the reputation of China enterprises and damages the image of China goods.
(E) Lack of corporate integrity may lead to a decline in social morality. From the social point of view, the lack of corporate integrity has set an example for the whole society as a "bad boy". If this kind of behavior cannot be effectively eradicated, dishonesty will inevitably break through the boundaries of enterprises and spread to society, thus leading to a decline in social morality and endangering social stability.
Second, the reasons for the lack of corporate integrity in China
(A) the market economy challenges traditional morality, and people's understanding is biased and confused. Since the reform and opening up, the traditional values of honesty and credit have been severely impacted by the market economy, and people's understanding has appeared some deviations and confusion, which are mainly manifested as follows: First, enterprises are regarded as only an economic entity, and the ultimate goal is to maximize profits, ignoring corporate social responsibility. Who knows, once an enterprise becomes a pure "economic animal", it may become a "social hazard", and the "Sanlu tainted milk powder" incident is an obvious proof. Second, one-sided understanding of market economy is legal economy, ignoring that it is also moral economy and credit economy. In fact, in order to obtain lasting vitality, the legal system needs to seek a more advanced form of realization, and moral self-discipline has become the highest form of legal order. Third, the traditional honesty culture also has some limitations. The traditional honesty culture is adapted to the self-sufficient natural economy and the autocratic monarchy political system, and its limitations are as follows: although honesty has a purposeful side, it is more a means and there are differences in arithmetic. For example, the first letter to the monarch is loyalty; Trusting my father for the second time is filial piety; Re-believe that husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, relatives and friends are just; What rules should strangers follow, involving less, is almost blank. Influenced by traditional culture, many enterprises have formed their own credit reduction standards, that is, they are more honest with special customers and less honest with ordinary customers; There is more honesty in special period, but less honesty in general period.
(B) The corporate governance structure is not perfect, and the construction of corporate integrity culture is backward. Corporate culture is the internal values and behavior pattern formed by the long-term development of enterprises, which embodies the image of enterprises and determines the depth and breadth of enterprise development. The construction of corporate culture depends on the perfection of corporate governance structure. At present, there are some problems in the corporate governance structure of our country, such as "one share dominates", serious internal control problems, weak internal governance mechanism, lack of effective external governance mechanism and vague choice of corporate governance target mode. These factors directly affect the integrity culture construction of listed companies, and then affect the effective operation of corporate integrity mechanism.
(3) The social credit evaluation system and enterprise credit files have not been effectively established. As an emerging market economy country, China needs to establish a perfect social credit evaluation system and corresponding enterprise credit files. However, at present, China's social credit evaluation system has not been effectively established, and enterprise credit evaluation is only carried out in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. However, local credit evaluation is only valid locally, but not in other regions. In addition, China's credit evaluation also has some problems, such as low overall level, small market scale, incomplete information and disorderly competition among evaluation agencies.
(d) The moral standard of the society is declining, and "bad money drives out good money". Enterprise integrity is the embodiment of social morality in enterprise management. If there is a serious credit crisis in the whole society and the social moral level drops, then the integrity of enterprises will inevitably decline. Undeniably, at present, China's social moral level is seriously declining, and the phenomena such as low quality of managers, bribery of law enforcement personnel and graft of financial personnel occur from time to time. Many local governments also take a negative attitude towards the production and sale of fake and shoddy goods and let them develop. Once these dishonest social atmosphere is formed, there will be a phenomenon that honest enterprises are squeezed out by dishonest enterprises, which is the so-called "bad money drives out good money"
(5) The laws and regulations are not perfect enough, and the cost of enterprise dishonesty is low. At present, the reason why some enterprises in China do not stress honesty is closely related to the low cost of dishonesty. When the cost of dishonesty is less than the income of dishonesty and the behavior of dishonesty is profitable, business operators may choose or even take the initiative to choose dishonesty, and dishonesty will occur in large numbers. On the other hand, when the cost of dishonesty is greater than the income of dishonesty, business operators will try their best to avoid dishonesty, thus promoting the improvement of the integrity environment. Judging from the reality, China's relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, and the sanctions and punishments for dishonesty are limited, which objectively condones the dishonesty of enterprises. First, so far, China has not formulated a law directly related to credit management, but only regulated honesty and law-abiding in the General Principles of Civil Law, Contract Law and other related laws. The relevant laws have poor adaptability and can't control the changeable credit problems, which provides an opportunity for enterprises to break their promises. Second, the punishment of corporate dishonesty in relevant laws is not enough, and compensatory fines are the main ones, so corporate dishonesty is still profitable. Third, the law enforcement of relevant departments is not effective, and some local governments are interested in favoring local enterprises, which makes the wind of corporate dishonesty spread and harms the whole society.
Third, measures to control the lack of integrity of Chinese enterprises
(A) to build a brand-new social integrity culture that is compatible with the market economy. In the process of building a new honesty culture in China, we should do the following. First, we should continue to vigorously publicize and carry forward the excellent elements in China's traditional honesty culture. For example, honesty has become the core content of the traditional virtues and culture of the Chinese nation, and the integrity quality and consciousness of the people have been greatly improved. At the same time, we should abandon the unreasonable parts of traditional honesty culture, such as the differences of honesty, and build a new social honesty culture that adapts to the development of China's market economy. Second, absorb the advanced content of western honesty culture with a broader mind. Faith is the core element of a culture, and whether a person is honest or not depends directly on his faith. Third, pay attention to and publicize the social moral responsibility that enterprises should bear. Enterprise is not only an economic entity for profit, but also a carrier of social morality, which plays an irreplaceable leading role in the process of creating a new social integrity culture in China.
(2) Improve the corporate governance structure and create a corporate integrity culture. In view of the problems existing in China's corporate governance structure, the following measures can be taken to improve it. First, considering that China is an emerging market economy country, the traditional culture with Confucianism as its core value prevails, and the external market conditions required by the Anglo-American corporate governance model are difficult to meet in a short time, the choice of target model should tend to be based on the internal control of Japan and Germany. At the same time, because commercial banks are the largest creditors of state-owned holding companies, they should be allowed to hold shares in customer enterprises and establish a camera governance mechanism for the main banks. Second, optimize the ownership structure and improve the corporate governance mechanism. Third, improve the market system to create conditions for the establishment of an effective corporate external governance mechanism. Fourth, improve the incentive and restraint mechanism for operators.
To build a corporate integrity culture, first of all, the main operators of enterprises should set an example, determine a firm concept of integrity, and practice it. Secondly, we should strengthen the integrity education and management of ordinary employees. Thirdly, enterprises should show their honesty culture to the society and establish a good reputation through certain means of communication.
(3) Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, and increase the cost of corporate dishonesty. First of all, we should improve the credit legislation. For example, the national legislature should formulate high-level normative documents and special laws and regulations as soon as possible to regulate various credit behaviors of enterprises and individuals. In particular, it is necessary to establish and improve the disciplinary mechanism for dishonesty as soon as possible and clarify what is the legal boundary of dishonesty in the market economy? To what extent is breach of trust? What form and degree of sanctions will be given? By establishing a disciplinary mechanism for dishonesty, we will increase the risk cost of dishonesty and force enterprises to be honest and law-abiding. Secondly, it is necessary to modify the punishment measures for dishonesty in existing laws and regulations and change compensatory punishment into punitive punishment. The new laws and regulations should increase the punishment, so that those who break their promises will not only be unprofitable, but also lose everything, or even lose everything. Third, manage and rectify China's judicial and law enforcement teams, form a good institutional environment, and ensure the realization of credit.
(4) Improve the social credit system, establish enterprise credit files, combine China's national conditions and learn from the experience of developed countries, and establish and improve a social credit system covering the credit of individuals, enterprises and governments, including credit rating, collection and provision of credit status, credit supervision and so on. Make use of the advantages of modern information technology and the Internet to establish enterprise credit files, and publish information such as credit degree and credit rating of enterprises to the public for all sectors of society to inquire. Enterprise credit files will force enterprises to accept social supervision and consciously adhere to honest management.
(five) standardize government behavior, establish the image of government integrity. Standardizing government behavior can provide a stable policy environment and help people form stable expectations. First of all, the government should take the lead in keeping promises, match words with deeds, and set an example of honesty and trustworthiness. Secondly, we should properly handle the relationship between the legislature, the executive, the judiciary and the mass media, strengthen the mutual checks and balances between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary, and make the mass media an independent tool of public opinion supervision to supervise the government's work. Third, accelerate the reform of administrative management system and the transformation of government functions, so that the government can be transformed from a senior leading organ into a tool to provide public services to society and enterprises, and improve work efficiency.