Carrying out emergency drills is an important means to test, evaluate and enhance the emergency capability of enterprises. By simulating the occurrence of real accidents, the defects of emergency plans and procedures are exposed, the shortage of emergency resources such as manpower, equipment and communication in emergency management is made up, the coordination among emergency departments, institutions and personnel is improved, the positions and responsibilities are defined, the proficiency and technical level of emergency personnel are improved, and the emergency awareness and handling ability of enterprise employees are enhanced. However, in actual drills, the phenomenon of acting for the sake of acting is mostly, and the sensory effect of drills is pursued unilaterally, while the purpose and goal of emergency drills are ignored. After drills, the existing problems are not actively improved, which leads to flashy emergency drills and fails to improve the emergency management level and emergency management mechanism of enterprises in essence. Aiming at the problems existing in emergency drill operation, this paper probes into the setting of drill objectives, the compilation of drill plan, drill training and drill organization.
First, the setting of exercise goals.
The purpose of emergency drill is to check the drill effect and evaluate the emergency preparedness and ability of emergency organizations and personnel. In the emergency process of dealing with major emergencies, the ability that emergency agencies, organizations and personnel should demonstrate is difficult to be tested by only one drill because of the limitation of the scale and authenticity of the drill. Therefore, the setting of exercise goals should be considered from the following three aspects:
1, based on risk assessment and emergency response capability assessment.
Emergency drills are aimed at possible risks in enterprises or regions, taking corresponding actions and measures, training teams, and improving mechanisms, so that the government or grass-roots units can calmly and reasonably deal with and deal with real accidents, and avoid or weaken the loss and influence scope of accidents to the maximum extent. Therefore, the setting of exercise objectives must be based on the risk assessment and emergency capability assessment of enterprises or regions, and the exercise objectives should be formulated reasonably, so as to avoid the deviation of exercise objectives from the actual situation, which will lead to the unreal exercise and the inability to train the team, run-in mechanism and inspection plan.
2. Establish the target system of the drill.
After an effective assessment of the current situation of emergency management in the enterprise or the local area, the contents and procedures of emergency response work are scientifically and reasonably formulated, and the work contents and links involved in emergency rescue work are refined into several specific exercise objectives, forming a systematic target system, which is constantly updated and improved, and gradually realized and improved through drills.
3. Step by step.
In the long-term or annual exercise plan, it is necessary to clarify the purpose and objectives of each exercise. Due to the limitation of exercise scale, exercise form, exercise scope and personnel's emergency ability, it is unrealistic to accomplish all the objectives through one exercise. Therefore, a certain number of exercise objectives are planned and formulated for each exercise, so that the existing emergency response capability can be gradually tested and improved, and the quality of each exercise can be guaranteed.
Second, the exercise plan
The drill plan is a very important part of emergency drill preparation, and it is the basis for organizing and implementing emergency drills, covering every link of the drill process and directly affecting the effect of the drill. The drill plan mainly includes drill purpose and requirements, drill scene design, drill organization system, drill rules, drill implementation steps, drill guarantee, drill evaluation summary and drill documents. This section will discuss the overview, list, rules and compilation of drill files.
1, drill scenario design
The design of drill scenario is the basis of drill scheme, which refers to the narrative description of hypothetical events according to their occurrence process. Scenario design is to design a series of scenarios, including emergencies, secondary and derivative events, in order to make participants feel in the real event environment during the exercise and make real emergency response to the changes of situational events. However, in the actual drill planning, in order to avoid the "accountability" of hypothetical accidents, the relevant units rely on simulated accidents (such as natural disasters), which is easy to cause accident distortion and has no clear understanding of its harm, impact and possible derived disasters, making the drill an act and losing its significance. Therefore, we don't have to care about "responsibility" when designing the drill scenario. Instead, according to the dangerous and harmful factors identified by enterprises or regions and their degree of danger, it simulates major hazard sources or major accidents that are easy to cause heavy casualties and property losses, scientifically analyzes the law of their occurrence and development, and reasonably introduces these events that need emergency organizations to respond accordingly, so as to promote the compact exercise and comprehensively test the exercise objectives.
2, drill rules
Formulating emergency drill rules is an important measure to ensure the safety of drill activities, that is, to stipulate and require a series of specific matters such as drill control personnel, participants' responsibilities, emergencies, safety requirements, and drill end procedures. Ensuring the safety of the exercise is an important work in the preparation process of the exercise, including the personal safety of the participants, as well as the safety of the exercise facilities, devices and the environment of the exercise site. The drill site should have necessary safety measures, and the drill site should be closed or controlled if necessary to ensure the safety of the drill. In case of emergency during the drill, the drill commander can terminate the drill in advance after consultation with other leading group members. As required, we will equip the drillers with personal protective equipment and purchase commercial insurance. For emergency drills that may affect public life and easily cause public misunderstanding and panic, an announcement should be made to the public in advance, and the contents, time, place and organizational unit of the drill should be announced, so as to make a good response plan to avoid negative impact.
3. Compilation of exercise documents
Drill documents refer to written materials directly provided to participants, mainly including drill plan, participant manual, controller manual, observer manual and drill evaluation manual. These documents are compiled to provide guidance and learning for people in different positions in the exercise activities, so they should be compiled according to the responsibilities of different positions and the actual situation of the exercise. After the compilation is completed, it should be discussed, revised and finalized at the meeting and sent to the Student Handbook for learning.
The contents of the document mainly include the rules and requirements of the drill activities, the drill operation procedures and requirements, and the drill address book. The rules and requirements of drill activities mainly explain matters needing attention, field discipline, use and arrangement of field equipment and field safeguard measures during the drill; The operating procedures and requirements of the drill mainly explain the objectives and basic principles of the drill, explain their respective job responsibilities and division of labor, and provide specific information of the drill and description documents of the program. The information contained is based on the need to ensure the safety of personnel and the smooth progress of the drill, as well as the information that the drill personnel must know, but does not include the information that the drill personnel should keep confidential, such as situational events. The drill address book refers to the file that records the communication contact information and duties of key drill personnel who participate in the drill. The information provided includes the name, position, unit, geographical location, main functions, contact telephone number, e-mail address and other information of the participants during the exercise.
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