After the completion of the overall strategy, strategic measures should be formulated to ensure the implementation of the strategy. Without strategic measures, the feasibility of implementing the overall strategy will be questioned, and the strategy itself may become a castle in the air.
For different enterprise strategies, the content and emphasis of strategic measures will be different. Generally, we can choose from the following six contents: organizational guarantee, technical guarantee, marketing guarantee, management and control system guarantee, human resource guarantee and financial guarantee.
I. Organizational safeguard measures
Strategy determines structure, and structure obeys strategy. In order to operate effectively, enterprises must link strategy with organization. To a great extent, the design of the organization is the embodiment of the strategic intention of the enterprise in the organizational structure. In strategic management, an important aspect of effectively implementing the strategy is to establish an adaptive organization that matches its strategy. The matching degree between strategy and organization will ultimately affect the effect and efficiency of enterprise strategy implementation.
(A) the necessity of organizational adjustment and strategy
The relationship between strategy and structure is basically restricted by the development of industrial economy. At different stages of development, enterprises should have different strategies, and the organizational structure of enterprises should also respond accordingly. It should be pointed out that the first thing that enterprises respond to economic development is strategy, not organizational structure, that is, there are strategies ahead and institutions behind in the reaction process.
In the process of economic development, enterprises should not miss opportunities, and should formulate strategies suitable for development and development strategies. Once the strategy is formulated, it is necessary to correctly realize that the organizational structure has a certain lag in response. The lag of the structure is not static. We can shorten the lag time and make the structure change as soon as possible.
(B) the content of organizational adjustment
The role of organizational structure lies in division of labor and coordination, and it is a necessary means to ensure the implementation of the strategy. The goals and strategies of an enterprise are transformed into a certain system or system through the organizational structure, and integrated into the daily production and operation activities of the enterprise, which plays a guiding and coordinating role and ensures the completion of the enterprise strategy.
When an enterprise implements a certain strategy, different forms of organizational structure have different efficiencies. Organizational structure has its own life cycle, so people often don't quickly realize the need to fundamentally change the organizational structure. However, even if there is a requirement to change the organization, if the resources within the enterprise are not redistributed, the economic benefits will not go up. After an enterprise enters various related or unrelated products and markets, in order to obtain economic benefits, it must change the organizational structure and redistribute the internal resources of the enterprise by the new organizational structure.
Organizational service strategy includes at least two aspects. First, how to organize business activities strategically. For example, if it is stipulated in the strategy to develop new business and the business content of an enterprise becomes diversified, it is necessary to consider whether the management mode should be adapted to it: whether to continue to adopt the original centralized mode or to adopt the decentralized mode, and if so, to what extent. The second is how to divide the comprehensive management functions of enterprises. For example, whether to maintain enterprise-level accounting or two-level accounting after adding new business. In addition, if the strategy involves the change of enterprise property right structure, then the organizational structure of the enterprise will involve the corporate governance structure.
(C) the principle of matching the organization with the strategy
In the process of strategy implementation, the matching of organizational structure is based on strategy, and under the guidance of strategy, the organization and operation system of enterprises are systematically planned and designed. Generally speaking, planning and design should be carried out from the aspects of job demand analysis, organization setting, post setting, work standard setting, work specification formulation, communication and coordination rules design, assessment and incentive model design, cultural model advocacy, information system establishment and corporate governance structure, so as to lay a tangible and efficient foundation for the implementation of the strategy.
The matching between organization and strategy needs to follow the following principles:
1. Analyze the main value chain activities, capabilities and core competitiveness involved in successful strategy implementation;
2. Investigate value chain activities (especially key supporting activities and possible major activities) to determine which ones need to be outsourced and which ones need to be completed within the enterprise;
3. Work closely with suppliers in some strategic activities, and cooperate with product suppliers of channel alliance, complementary product suppliers and even competitors;
4. Operate/develop those major value chain activities and capabilities internally, and make those strategic organizational units become the main components of the organization;
5. Decide the degree of authority required to manage each organizational unit, and seek a balance between the centralized decision-making of a single manager with the same authority and the decentralization of decision-making power to the organizational level that can make timely, correct and capable decisions;
6. If an internal and strategic activity and ability cannot be completed within the scope of a manager's authority, it is necessary to establish contact between departments and obtain necessary cooperation;
7. Decide on the relationship with external parties and designate the personnel responsible for establishing necessary organizational contacts.
Second, the technical guarantee measures
Enterprise strategy must stipulate business development goals, and to achieve business development goals must be implemented in products (including services), and to become competitive products must have technical support measures. Otherwise, the business development goal of the enterprise can't be achieved, and of course the strategy can't be implemented.
Generally speaking, the guarantee of technology to enterprise development strategy includes three contents: first, new product development; The second is the technical improvement of old products; The third is the technological transformation of production scale.
New product development
In accordance with the strategic provisions, new product development guarantee measures should be formulated. New product development includes new product development and development based on old products. New product development should be clear about the following contents:
1. Specify the name and estimated completion time of the developed new product.
2. Make clear the time of new product development and market launch and the expected economic effect.
3. Clarify the organizational intention of development, including independent development, technology purchase, verification development, entrusting others to develop and cooperating with others to develop.
4. The solution intention of new product development for key talents, key instruments and equipment, key materials or accessories.
5. New product development fund demand and its solution intention, etc.
(B) the improvement of production technology of old products
1. Importance of technical improvement of old products
(1) Technical improvement of old products will play an important role in realizing enterprise strategy. The improvement of many economic indicators of enterprises can not be separated from the technical improvement of old products.
(2) The technological improvement of old products is a very important measure to promote the technological progress of enterprises, with less money, less risk and quick results.
(3) The technical improvement activities of old products can accommodate the participation of employees, especially grassroots engineers and technicians, which is conducive to mobilizing their enthusiasm and forming a good cultural atmosphere.
2. Technical improvement project of old products
The reason why old products need technical improvement is that when comparing enterprises with competitors, it is found that some technical and economic indicators of enterprise products are lagging behind competitors, which affects the realization of strategic objectives of enterprises.
Through further analysis, the technical and economic indicators of old products are affected, including the quality requirements and control of raw materials and auxiliary materials, the technical performance of main production equipment, the suitability and control of process conditions, process methods, testing techniques and means, etc. The technical improvement project of the old product is to link the product with the improved content. In this way, through improvement, not only the effect is achieved directly, but also the technical level of the enterprise is improved.
3. The technical improvement of old products should be clear.
(1) Define the project name and estimated completion time of technical improvement of old products.
(2) Clearly improve the time of putting the project into use and the expected economic effect.
(3) Clear the intention of improving the work organization.
(4) Clear the solution intention of the improvement of key talents, key instruments and equipment, key materials or accessories.
(5) Clarify the fund demand of improvement activities and its solution intention.
(3) technical transformation to expand production scale
Technical transformation is the most effective way to expand production scale. If technological transformation is only regarded as a copy of the original technology, the benefits of enterprises can only be obtained through promotion, which is not in line with the requirements of the national economic development policy. Enterprises should fully summarize and make use of the improvement results of the original production technology to obtain greater output with the same input. To carry out technical transformation, the following contents should be made clear:
1. Specify the name and estimated completion time of the technical transformation project.
2 clear technical transformation project put into use time and expected economic effect.
3. Make clear the organization mode intention of technical transformation, including the organization mode intention of technical scheme, design, construction, installation and debugging.
4. The solution intention of new technological transformation to key talents, key instruments and equipment, key materials or accessories.
5. Technical transformation fund demand and its solution intention, etc.
Third, marketing guarantee measures
For the high-speed growth strategy, if we do not pay attention to the formulation and implementation of marketing safeguard measures, it will not only seriously affect the realization of the strategy, but even lead to a heavy burden on enterprises. The reason is that if enterprises only pay attention to the rapid growth of production capacity, but not to the synchronous growth of market sales, then new production capacity will not play a role, and increasing production capacity investment will greatly increase the cost of enterprises and lead to a decline in benefits. The fundamental task of marketing guarantee measures is to ensure that market sales are synchronized with the development speed of enterprises or even ahead of schedule.
(A) clear marketing guarantee measures.
To implement marketing guarantee measures, we must make clear the items that need to be improved or improved. For example, the collection, analysis and application of marketing information (including industry information, competitor information and customer information). ), the construction of enterprise brands and product brands, the construction of sales channels and the development of new markets. The source of the project is to identify the weak links in the market through the strategy formulation process. If these weak links are not overcome, the sales link will restrict the realization of the strategy.
(B) to implement the requirements of each project
The requirements for each project include:
1. Name and estimated completion time of marketing measures project.
2. The time and expected economic effect of the marketing measures project.
3. Marketing measures Project organization intention.
4. Demand for key talents and solution intention of marketing measures project.
5. Marketing measures, project capital requirements and solution intentions.
Four, control system guarantee measures
No matter how good the strategy is, it is difficult to be effectively implemented without a sound and effective management control system. Therefore, in order to cooperate with the strategy, we should put forward requirements for the management and control system of enterprises to ensure the implementation of the strategy.
(A) the content of the control system
The more important contents of the control system are planning, budgeting, performance report, performance evaluation and salary. Among them, the key to plan management is to highlight the main control index system of the plan, the scientific and systematic nature of the plan, and the seriousness of the plan implementation; On the basis of planned management, budget management should emphasize the balance between input and output measured in money, so that the expected input can reach the expected output; The key requirement of performance report is to timely, accurately and systematically reflect the performance of all departments and positions in the enterprise; Performance evaluation correctly evaluates the performance, efforts and ability of each position according to the performance report; Salary is how to achieve merit-based rewards and let enterprises form a virtuous circle system.
If the control system of the five aspects is sound and effective, the implementation of the strategy will be carried out under control; Otherwise, it will get out of control or even let itself go.
(B) the control system needs sound content
Whether there is a problem with the control system and where the problem lies should have been thoroughly analyzed when the strategy is analyzed and formulated. Based on these analyses, it can be put forward that the management and control system needs to be clear and sound. These contents are one of the safeguard measures to realize the strategy.
(3) Implementation requirements of control system project
The requirements for each project include:
1. Name and estimated completion time of the control system project.
2. The time and expected economic effect of the control system project.
3. Connotation of project organization mode of control system.
4. Demand for key talents and solution intention of management and control system project.
5. Capital requirements and solutions of management and control system projects.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) measures to ensure human resources
The first four measures are inseparable from the demand of human resources, which shows that human resources play an extremely important role in ensuring the realization of the strategy.
(A) the content of strategic human resources demand protection measures
The guarantee provided by human resources required by the strategy mainly includes these aspects: first, calculate the personnel structure and quantity that meet the strategic needs; The second is how to realize the recruitment and training of employees needed by the strategy; The third is how to motivate employees to play their talents in their respective positions.
For the total number of employees and structural requirements, the requirements should have been put forward in the first four aspects of strategic analysis, formulation and formulation of strategic measures. The total control of employees is generally measured according to the input-output efficiency of labor force. For example, use indicators such as per capita sales or wage content of unit sales quota. The structure of employees needs to be determined from the business development.
The demand of enterprises for talents is not today's demand, and it needs a training process, especially to form a team with consistent values and coordinated work, which needs a training time. Similarly, for old employees, there is also a process of improvement and adaptation in the face of newly formulated strategies. Therefore, the recruitment and training of employees is essential. The target of recruitment and the content of training should be formulated according to the requirements of strategy.
How to motivate employees to give full play to their talents should be based on the problems raised during strategic analysis and formulation, and the problems that need to be solved by human resources should be included.
(2) Human resource assurance measures project
According to the above analysis, we can sort out the problems that human resources have to solve in ensuring the realization of the strategy. Obviously, these problems are not dispensable for the realization of the strategy, but have a direct impact. These problems should be included in the safeguard measures as items to be solved.
(3) Requirements for implementing human resources projects
The requirements for each project include:
1. Name and estimated completion time of human resources project.
2. Time and expected economic effect of human resources projects.
3. The connotation of human resources project implementation organization mode.
4. The capital requirements of human resources projects and their solutions.
Financial guarantee measures for intransitive verbs
It is meaningless for enterprise strategy to leave financial security. The final effect of strategy implementation, for enterprises, is the improvement of financial indicators. Nowadays, enterprises rarely only use their own capital to develop, but more need to raise capital and funds. All the above safeguards are inseparable from financial support, which shows the importance of financial safeguards.
(A) the main contents of financial assurance measures
Financial security measures mainly have two contents. One is to raise capital or funds, including raising capital through share expansion and joint ventures, and using various loans to raise various loans, so as to revitalize the temporarily unused stock assets of enterprises and make them put into production as soon as possible. These are all measures to ensure the funds needed to implement the strategy. Second, investment operation, including the acquisition and merger of other enterprises, is a measure to complete the tasks stipulated in the strategy.
(2) Financial assurance measures project
First, calculate the fund demand in the implementation stage of the strategy, and draw up the fund-raising project according to the fund gap. Because, if the strategic project is implemented with insufficient funds, it is impossible to solve the problem temporarily, and a lot of work needs to be done beforehand.
Secondly, according to the provisions of the strategy, formulate investment projects.
(3) Requirements for the implementation of financial projects
The requirements for each project include:
1. Name and estimated completion time of the financial project.
2 financial projects play a role in the time and expected economic effects.
3. The organization that intends to complete the financial project.
4. Intentional financial projects to solve the demand for key talents.
5. The capital requirements of financial projects and their solution intentions, etc.