How to achieve continuous quality improvement? Quality management, whether for enterprises or consumers, is a word that deserves special attention. For enterprises, quality is related to corporate image and determines the success or failure of enterprises. The following share how to achieve continuous quality improvement for reference only.
How to achieve continuous quality improvement 1 continuous quality improvement is also called PDSA cycle. The P-D-C-A cycle was put forward by Dr. shewhart in the United States, and it is called the Shewhart cycle. In the 1950 s, the Japanese renamed it Deming cycle. This cycle consists of four activities: planning, execution, inspection and action. Deming cycle is a model of continuous quality improvement, which includes four repeated steps of continuous improvement and continuous learning, namely, planning, execution, inspection/research and action.
"Four Stages and Eight Steps" of PDCA Cycle
1, p stage
In other words, according to the customer's requirements and the organization's policy, the necessary objectives and processes are established for providing results.
Step 1: Choose a theme.
The scope of topic selection of new product design and development is based on meeting market demand and aiming at enterprise profit. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the development direction according to the enterprise's resources, technology and other capabilities.
The topic is the starting point of this research activity, and the topic selection is very important. If we don't conduct market research and feasibility demonstration of the project, it may lead to decision-making mistakes and design and development failure after investing a lot of manpower and material resources. For example, an enterprise lacks sensitivity to the dynamic information of market development, and the new products that may be developed with great efforts are ordinary products in another enterprise, which will cause waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Choosing a reasonable project topic can reduce the failure rate of R&D and the risk of new product investment. Questionnaires, pareto chart, horizontal comparison and other methods can be used to make brainstorming present more intuitive information in a structured way and make reasonable decisions.
Step 2: Set goals
After defining the theme of research activities, it is necessary to set an activity goal, that is, to define the content and standards to be achieved. The goal can be qualitative+quantitative, and the indicators that can be expressed by quantity should be quantified as much as possible, and the indicators that cannot be expressed by quantity should also be clear. The goal is an index to measure the experimental effect, so the setting should be based on the full investigation and comparison of the current situation. For example, the research and development of a new drug must master the new drug approval policies and standards formulated by government departments. When making the goal, we can systematically reveal the possible relationship by using correlation diagram and causality diagram, and at the same time, we can make the plan progress by using Gantt chart, so as to determine the research progress and control it effectively.
The third step is to propose various schemes and determine the best one.
Innovation not only refers to innovative products invented and created, but also includes product innovation, product improvement and product imitation. This process is to establish a hypothesis and then verify it. The purpose is to find a good raw material collocation, a good process parameter collocation and a good process route from some factors that affect the product characteristics. However, it is impossible to carry out all experimental schemes in reality, so it is a more efficient method to optimize and determine the best scheme after putting forward various schemes.
Statistical quality tools can screen out the best scheme needed, so as to play a better role. Orthogonal experimental design and matrix diagram are effective tools for multi-scheme design.
Step 4: Formulate countermeasures.
With a good plan, details can't be ignored. How to complete the plan well needs to concretize the planning steps, formulate countermeasures one by one, and clearly answer "5W 1H" in the plan, that is, why should this measure be formulated? Achieve what (what)? Where is it executed (where)? Who is responsible for completing (WHO)? When will it be finished? How to complete (how)? The specific implementation steps of the scheme are decomposed by using the process decision-making program chart or flow chart.
2. stage d
That is, according to the predetermined plan, on the basis of implementation, the process of striving to achieve the expected goal.
Step 5: Implement countermeasures
After the countermeasure is formulated, it enters the stage of experimental verification, that is, the stage of doing. At this stage, in addition to the implementation according to the plan and scheme, it is necessary to measure the process to ensure that the work can be implemented as planned. At the same time, the original records and data of data collection and collection process are established.
3, c check the effect
That is, to confirm whether the implementation plan has achieved the goal.
Step 6, check the effect.
Whether the scheme is effective or not and whether the goal is achieved, we need to check the effect before we can draw a conclusion. After the countermeasures are determined, the collected evidence is summarized and analyzed, and the completion is compared with the target value to see if the predetermined goal has been achieved. If the expected results do not appear, it should be confirmed whether the countermeasures are strictly implemented according to the plan. If so, it means that the countermeasures have failed, and the best scheme should be determined again.
Step 4 dispose of it
The seventh step is standardization.
Effective measures that have been proved should be standardized and formulated into working standards for future implementation and promotion.
Step 8: Summarize the problem.
Summarize the problems that are not obvious in the scheme effect or in the implementation process, and provide the basis for starting a new round of PDCA cycle. For example, a new type of infrared filter film is designed. After completing a cycle, it is found that the optical performance index of one of them does not meet the standard requirements. After summing up the experience, the second PDCA cycle was completed, and the target value was achieved after re-implementation as planned.
How to achieve continuous improvement of quality? The concept of continuous improvement of quality management
Continuous improvement is a circular activity to enhance the ability to meet the requirements, and it is a spiral PDCA circular activity. Emphasizing persistence refers to a new round of "PDCA" after the "PDCA" cycle, so it is "continuous" and endless. In other words, continuous improvement is a process in which the organization strives to continuously improve the effectiveness of the organization in order to achieve its quality policy and objectives; The meaning of "continuous" refers to the gradual improvement of the process, reflecting the growing needs and expectations of customers and ensuring the dynamic development of the quality management system.
The scope of continuous improvement includes quality and efficiency, and quality improvement includes the improvement of product quality, process and the effectiveness and efficiency of quality management system. It is not limited to taking corrective and preventive measures for found or potential "unqualified", but also has opportunities for improvement in "qualified". Due to the changes in the external environment and the development of technology, customers' needs are also constantly improving, and their ability to meet needs should also be continuously enhanced. Therefore, a series of continuous improvement activities are needed.
Improve process, including improving quality level, reducing waste and improving efficiency. Every process has opportunities for improvement, so all processes should be analyzed and continuously improved. At the same time, arrange the working procedures in order of priority, find out the main working procedures and do them well.
Continuous improvement is the driving force of quality management system. The purpose of improving the quality management system is to reach a new level, that is, to surpass the historical level in terms of quality, service and cost, and to constantly innovate records to reach a new control level, instead of repeating the original level.
Enterprises in quality management and continuous improvement can be carried out from the following aspects:
1, improve the company's quality objectives, and each department defines the work requirements and improvement direction by objectives.
2. Improve the quality management system documents, especially the responsibilities and workflow of each department according to the actual situation of the company.
3. Analyze and study improvement measures through internal audit, daily evaluation and inspection and external customer survey data, seek opportunities for continuous improvement, and arrange implementation of improvement activities.
4. Implement corrective and preventive measures to achieve continuous improvement.
5. According to the effect of evaluation improvement measures in management review, improve relevant documents and processes to achieve continuous improvement.
Second, some suggestions for continuous improvement of quality management system
In view of the problems existing in the continuous improvement of quality management system, it is suggested to strengthen the continuous improvement from the following aspects to ensure the effective operation of the system.
1, correct the attitude of implementing quality management system, improve the understanding of ISO900 1 standard, and implement total quality management.
Judging from the company's two-year system operation, the broad masses of cadres and workers have a certain theoretical and practical basis for understanding and mastering the system and have a good understanding of its implementation. However, the quality and knowledge of employees can not meet the requirements of quality management and can not be well applied to work. For example, the responsibilities of various departments are not clear enough, and the understanding of quality management is generally not systematic and comprehensive. Therefore, how to use it to serve enterprise management still needs to do a lot of work.
2. In the future system operation, it is necessary to continuously strengthen training to improve the understanding and knowledge of all employees on ISO900 1 standard.
Focus on the following three main aspects of training. First, organize relevant personnel to conduct external training for internal auditors, make up for the shortage of professionals caused by personnel transfer and resignation, and improve the level of internal audit. The second is to organize all-staff training, and each department organizes departmental personnel to study and train every quarter, focusing on training the leaders of each department in quality objectives, departmental responsibilities and enterprise management. , so as to deepen understanding and improve management effect. 3. Provide professional skills training for special posts and production posts, adhere to full participation, implement quality management in every work link, and fully integrate the company's management concepts and requirements into all aspects of quality management.
3. Grasp the essence of ISO900 1 standard, and formulate practical system documents to ensure its "systematicness, sustainability and operability".
Planning, formulating and improving system documents is the key to the effectiveness of implementing quality management system. All departments should formulate measurable and scientific quality objectives of their own departments according to the actual situation; It is necessary to implement the management responsibilities of various departments, revise the responsibilities and authorities of post personnel, improve relevant work processes, and let each employee work according to his own responsibilities and authorities; It is necessary to establish a mechanism for continuous improvement, modify the impractical documents at any time, and ensure the operability of the documents.
4. Strengthen the supervision and assessment mechanism to promote the effective operation of the quality management system.
Establish an effective quality supervision mechanism and form a system in which everything is managed and assessed everywhere. While taking corrective and preventive measures for nonconformities, improve and perfect relevant systems and processes in time to avoid the recurrence of nonconformities; Implement effective internal audit, adopt irregular internal audit mode, find problems in system operation in time, take corrective measures in time, and realize continuous improvement.
5. Establish "PDCA" management mode to promote the continuous improvement of quality management system.
On the premise of total quality management, advocate the implementation of "PDCA" (plan: planning; Do: realize; Inspection: verification; Action: improvement), to promote the continuous improvement of the quality management system through daily work such as quality policy, objective assessment, monitoring and measurement of business processes, internal audit, data analysis, preventive and corrective measures, and management review.
Enterprises need a series of reform measures to implement continuous improvement, and quality management needs the joint efforts of employees and leaders. Successful implementation of continuous improvement is to meet the needs of the times and an important measure to occupy a favorable position in the competition.
How to achieve continuous quality improvement 3. Rolling theory of p, d, c and a cycles
According to the characteristics of management cycle, the quality system:
1, the big ring sets the small ring, the small environmental protection big ring, and one ring is buckled to promote the big cycle.
2. In order to focus on prevention, we must pay full attention to the quality management of the whole process of product production, formation and realization. The focus of quality management has shifted from quality inspection to prevention, to development, design, production and manufacturing. This can not only nip in the bud, but also reduce a lot of unnecessary waste caused by quality problems.
3. Development and design is the stage of product quality. If there are quality problems in product design, no matter how strict the manufacturing process is, the products produced always have "congenital defects". Therefore, the product design process is required to be carried out in strict accordance with scientific procedures, and the product design process should be carefully reviewed and identified in order to give early warning and eliminate quality problems in the formation process. In terms of methods, make full use of scientific methods such as mathematical statistics to reveal the law of mass movement.
4, by determining the process capability and using the control chart to play a preventive role. Whether it is the determination of process capability or the use of control chart, it is necessary to obtain a batch or a group of data through product inspection and carry out statistical processing. The purpose of this inspection is not to judge whether a batch or a group of products is qualified, but to calculate the ability of the process and reflect the state of the production process. If it is found that the process capacity is insufficient, or the control chart shows that the production process is in an abnormal state, it is very effective to take technical organization measures to improve the process capacity or remove the production prevention function.
5, through the production process and inspection of the first article to play a preventive role:
When a batch of products or a shift begins to process a batch of products, the first article inspection should generally be carried out. After the first piece is inspected and approved, it can be put into production in batches. When the equipment is repaired or readjusted, the first article inspection should also be carried out to prevent a large number of unqualified products.
After formal mass production, in order to find out whether there is any change in production and whether there is the possibility of unqualified products in time, we should go to the work site for random inspection on a regular basis. Once problems are found, measures should be taken to correct them in time to prevent unqualified products.
Second, the reason analysis
1, so-called cause analysis
It is to prevent product defects and similar failures that affect product performance, reliability and safety, systematically analyze and study possible failures and potential factors, and prevent and eliminate hidden dangers in advance. The high failure rate in the product molding process leads to the increase of rejection rate, which increases the production cost. Product quality is a function of fault variation, that is, the more fault types, the lower the quality, and vice versa. Lack of effective fault information early warning system will not only increase the production cost, but also reduce the performance of products. Generally speaking, fault analysis can be divided into early fault analysis and failure analysis.
2, the main points of fault analysis
Apply the inherent technology and experience;
List and analyze the possible failure modes of all components that make up the product system;
Analyze the impact of these failures;
Calculate the probability of failure;
Compare the severity of fault impact;
Analyze the difficulty of fault detection;
Find out the key points;
Put forward the key improvement projects in the design.
3, the method of fault analysis
Failure Mode and Impact Analysis (FMEA), FMEA is a practical and effective enterprise design analysis method.
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) FTA method is a system diagram method, which can be directly corrected from the fault root of a component.
Third, improve the countermeasures
The occurrence of bad things is inevitable, but we can't turn a blind eye, let it go, and we must have countermeasures.
1, temporary countermeasures
Temporary countermeasures are "measures taken to prevent unqualified, bad or other bad situations and eliminate their causes".
Temporary countermeasures are post-event measures for quality problems that have occurred and appeared. It begins with the identification of quality problems, including taking measures to eliminate or reduce the recurrence of problems, repairing, reworking, recycling or scrapping unsatisfactory products and handling customer complaints, but it is important to eliminate the causes of quality problems.
Temporary countermeasures can also be used to include changes in procedures and systems to achieve great quality improvement at any stage of the quality cycle.
Temporary countermeasures are one of the necessary means to improve quality.
2. Permanent countermeasures
Permanent measures refer to "measures taken to prevent potential nonconformities, defects or other undesirable situations and eliminate their causes".
Permanent measures are preventive measures for quality problems that have not yet occurred, are potential and may occur in the future. It embodies the guiding ideology of prevention first in modern quality management. Compared with temporary countermeasures, permanent countermeasures are more effective, but their formulation requires higher technical ability and more investment. The formulation of permanent measures should consider the risks, costs and interests of suppliers and customers, and at the same time, it should be comprehensively considered in combination with various related factors such as product design, complexity and particularity of mature products produced, special requirements of customers or contracts, and requirements of relevant laws and regulations.
Similarly, permanent countermeasures can be used to include changes in procedures and systems to achieve quality improvement at any stage of the quality cycle. Permanent countermeasure is one of the necessary means of quality improvement, which leads to a higher level of quality improvement.
Fourth, standardization.
1, the so-called standard refers to the basis and regulations of all quality activities of enterprises. It is embodied in a series of technical and management "documents", which is the basis of quality work and the basis of measurement.
2. Standardization includes the formulation, implementation and management of technical standards and management standards.
3. Technical standards are the main body of enterprise standards. It is the standard for production objects, production conditions, production methods, packaging and storage.
4. Management standards are about the responsibilities, procedures and requirements of enterprise management.
5. Standardization is a comprehensive basic work and a technical measure to improve economic benefits, which plays a very important role in improving economic benefits.
This is manifested in:
A, standardization is an effective measure to save raw materials and energy consumption and make rational use of resources;
B, product development and design, the use of existing standards, can shorten the design, production preparation and manufacturing cycle, can organize specialized production, reduce labor consumption, improve labor productivity;
C, product quality is based on technical standards, only high-level standards can have high-quality product standardization, which is the premise of improving quality;
D, around the goal of improving economic efficiency, formulate a series of technical standards, working standards and management standards, which can promote the rationalization and institutionalization of enterprise production, technology and management activities and improve the scientific management level;
E. Standardization is also a technical link among scientific research, design, production, circulation and use, and also plays an important role in safety and health.
Adopting international standards and advanced foreign standards will put us in a favorable position in the fierce international trade competition.
G, standardization level is an important symbol to measure an enterprise's production technology level and management level modernization.