Trust and guarantee are similar to some extent, both of which invest in certain target projects by raising funds, and then get the proceeds back to investors. But there are still many differences between the two.
First of all, in terms of scale, there are now 62 trust companies in China, most of which are financial institutions led by provincial governments, such as Zhongyuan Trust in Henan, and the controlling shareholder is Henan Investment Group Co., Ltd., which is wholly owned by Henan Provincial People's Government. Similar trust companies include Shanghai Trust, Jilin Trust, Shandong Trust and Suzhou Trust. There are also large state-owned enterprises directly established, such as Kunlun Trust under PetroChina, AVIC Trust under China Aerospace Group and Ping An Trust under Ping An Group. China Railway Trust, a subsidiary of China Railway. The registered capital is generally around 654.38+0.2 billion. Compared with the same period of last year, there are 1.64 million guarantee companies registered in Henan province alone, and the registered capital is mostly between 5 million-1 100 million.
Secondly, from the perspective of fund raising, there are three kinds of trusts: real estate trust, listed company equity pledge financing trust and securities investment trust. Fixed income products are generally invested in industries (real estate, government projects, listed company projects), and the rate of return is subordinate to fixed income products, and the rate of return is generally 9%- 12%. For trust products issued by trust companies, in order to avoid risks to the maximum extent, trust companies generally control risks from two aspects: counterparties and collateral, and give priority to those projects with stable operation, strong solvency, sufficient sources of first repayment, easy realization of collateral and high realization value. After the trust project is established, the trust company will conduct risk investigation on the project regularly and irregularly, including the operation, financial status and mortgage (pledge) of the financier. The audit procedure is very strict. At the same time, after all the project processes of the trust company are determined, they should be reported to the banking regulatory bureau. If the regulatory authorities think that the project is risky, they will stop it in time. The projects invested by the guarantee company are only audited by the company's own internal risk control system, which contains greater risks. To sum up, trust products are much safer than the wealth management products of guarantee companies.
Thirdly, from the legal point of view, trust companies are established in accordance with the Trust Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Measures for the Administration of Trust Companies, and wealth management products are established and issued in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Trust Plans for Trust Companies' Collective Funds promulgated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, with clear legal basis and strict examination and filing procedures; The establishment of an investment guarantee company is based on the Interim Measures for the Administration of Financing Guarantee Companies. According to Article 2 1 of the Measures, financing guarantee companies are not allowed to engage in activities such as taking deposits, granting loans and entrusting investment. Anyone suspected of illegal fund-raising activities shall be investigated and dealt with according to law. From the legal nature, there are some legal defects in the entrusted investment behavior of investment guarantee companies.
Fourthly, from the perspective of rate of return, the monthly rate of return that guarantee companies can offer at present is generally 1.5%-2%, while the monthly rate of return of small trusts is 0.75%, while the annualized rate of return of banks is 3.5% and the monthly rate of return is 0.29% in the same period. Judging from the rate of return alone, there is indeed a gap between trust companies. Such a high rate of return inevitably requires the investment target of the guarantee company to have a very strong profitability, and it is very difficult to choose such a highly profitable project relying on the current capital and talent reserve of the guarantee company. According to Zhao Jinjing, secretary general of Henan Real Estate Chamber of Commerce, real mature real estate enterprises usually don't use the money of guarantee companies, and most of the money of guarantee companies flows to some small and medium-sized companies that are unfamiliar with the real estate industry. These small developers use the money of the guarantee company, which is speculative, but the high interest rate makes the use of this financing method by real estate enterprises full of risks.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.