Swedish geologist, mineralogist, geographer and explorer. Born in Helsinki, Finland, Finland was under Russian rule at that time. For political reasons, Norden Kald was exiled to Sweden on 1857. 1858 settled in Stockholm, participated in the exploration of the Arctic island of Spitsbergen between Norway and Greenland, became the director of the Swedish National Museum and professor of mineralogy, and began to plan the development of the Arctic Ocean route.
In order to prepare for exploring the Arctic Ocean route, he made eight expeditions from 1858 to 1876 to Spitsbergen Islands, Greenland and the Kara Sea, and obtained rich scientific research materials in the Arctic region.
1878- 1880 started his most famous expedition. 1On July 4th, 878, he set out from Gothenburg, Sweden and led two ships (Vega and Lena respectively) to discover a "northeast passage". He sailed from the Barents Sea in Europe and Russia to the Bering Strait, finally to the Pacific Ocean, and a year later to Yokohama. 1In September, 879, Vega, led by him, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern Pacific Ocean for the first time, completed a historic voyage around Eurasia, and became the pioneer of the northeast channel of the Arctic Ocean. When he came back, he was made a baron. 1883 he became the first person to cross the huge sea ice barrier on the southeast coast of Greenland.
Norden Kald is famous for being the pioneer of the Arctic Ocean waterway. Named after his surname, there are Norden Kald Islands located in the southeastern part of the Kara Sea. There are Notdenhold Bay and Notdenhold Angle in the northwest of Xindi Island. In North America, Canada has the Norden Kald River; In northern Europe, Norway has the Nordic Peninsula; At the bottom of the Arctic Ocean, there is the Norden Kald Basin; The Laptev Sea in the Arctic Ocean was once called the Nordensheld Sea. On June 20th, 2008, 10, Greenland Post and Finland Post jointly issued a souvenir sheet to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Norden Kald's opening of the northeast route10.