First, read the following text. Complete the 7- 1 O problem. ( 1 1)
(1) Traditional petrochemical energy is decreasing day by day, and at the same time, there are 2 billion people in the world who can't get normal energy supply. At this time, the whole world has turned its attention to renewable energy, hoping that renewable energy can change the energy structure of human beings and maintain long-term sustainable development. Solar energy is one of renewable energy sources, which can not only obtain energy, but also reduce the emission of harmful gases and substances such as carbon dioxide. More and more countries have begun to implement the "Sunshine Plan" to develop solar energy. For example, the photovoltaic building plan in the United States, the Million Roof Photovoltaic Plan in Europe, the Asahi Plan in Japan and the Bright Project in China.
② The energy of solar energy reaching the earth per second reaches 1.7× lO 14 kW. If 0. 1% solar energy on the earth's surface is converted into electric energy at a conversion rate of 5%, the annual power generation can be expected to reach 7.4× 1O 13 kWh, which is equivalent to 40 times of the current world energy consumption. Therefore, solar energy resources are very abundant and inexhaustible, which is an important energy source that human beings can freely use.
According to the data, most areas in China are rich in solar energy resources, and the development potential of solar energy resources is huge. More than two-thirds of the country's areas have annual sunshine hours of more than 2,000 hours, and the theoretical reserves reach 65.438+0.7 trillion tons of standard coal every year. The annual average daily radiation in most areas is above 4 kWh per square meter, and the annual solar radiation received by the land area is equivalent to the sum of tens of thousands of Three Gorges projects.
④ The development cost of solar energy is low and the prospect is broad. In recent ten years, the solar energy utilization industry in China has developed rapidly. In particular, solar water heaters have initially formed a relatively complete industrial system. It is predicted that solar water heaters will increase by about 20% in the next 15 years, and the number of households using solar water heaters in urban and rural areas will reach 25% of the total number of households. With the development of the research on solar energy utilization mode, solar air conditioners have already produced relatively mature products, which are expected to enter people's lives this year. A series of solar products, such as solar street lamps, solar cell phones, solar disposable toilets, are in the development and application stage. Now China has become a net importer of oil, and there is a great demand for solar power generation. At present, China has formulated relevant policies to encourage solar energy as an alternative energy source. I believe that in the near future, "sunshine is everywhere and electricity is everywhere" will become our life reality.
1. Compared with traditional petrochemical energy, what are the obvious advantages of solar energy resources? (3 points)
2. The author lists a lot of data in two paragraphs. what is the purpose? (2 points)
3. The accuracy of language is one of the most important features of expository writing. Please choose one of the two words added in the article and write down its expressive effect. (3 points)
Second, read the following text and complete the question 17-20. (12)
If you can watch the sea glow at night, it is very spectacular. It is like a star, like a milky white lamp, and more like a colorful fireworks show. People call this phenomenon "sea fire". Who caused this fascinating sight? Whose masterpiece is this?
There is a sea glow in the foam around and at the stern of the sailboat, which is mainly luminous plankton with very small particles. It is mostly rose red and usually glows slightly because there is a fatty substance in the body. Cold light is characterized by countless white, light green or light red flashes. But they are usually more obvious only when there are mechanical disturbances or chemical stimuli on the sea surface. When the waves push them to the gravel coast, they are more likely to be triggered to glow. The light emitted is like a bunch of sparks, such as "fire rain" falling, wave after wave, and this kind of sea glow is called a flaming sea glow.
Another kind of marine luminescence is caused by marine luminescent bacteria. Their luminous intensity is weak, and its characteristic is that no matter what the sea conditions are, no matter whether the outside world interferes or not, as long as there are a large number of luminescent bacteria, milky white light will appear on the sea surface. This kind of bacteria are mostly found in estuaries, harbors, cold currents and warm currents, especially where sewers enter the sea. This kind of ocean luminescence is called diffuse ocean luminescence.
Another kind of sea glow is caused by large luminous objects in the ocean, such as jellyfish, sponges, liverworts, ring worms and shellfish. Jellyfish have special light-emitting organs on their bodies, which emit great flashes when stimulated. Some fish can secrete a special substance, which reacts with oxygen to emit light. This kind of luminescence usually appears in isolation, which is more eye-catching under the stimulation of mechanical and chemical effects. The sea light they emit is characterized by one bright and one dark, and it circulates repeatedly like a flash. This kind of sea lamp is called flash sea lamp.
Hai Xia is not only colorful, beautiful and attractive, but most importantly, it is closely related to production and construction.
The sea area with strong sea light can reflect the sea view at night, so when a ship encounters sea light at night without moonlight, it will make the captain have an illusion, lead to an average accident and affect the safe navigation of the ship. Correctly mastering Haihui can predict the weather. Fishermen in China, Liaoning and Hebei provinces, after years of observation, summed up the folk proverb "See the sea fire, see the wind and rain". The sea light produced by fish swimming exposes the hiding place of fish, so experienced fishermen use it to fish at night. (selected from Bowen)
1. Please briefly summarize the reasons for the colorful, beautiful and charming "Hai Xia". (3 points)
2. What are the characteristics of different types of ocean luminescence? (3 points)
3. Why is there a "spark glow" in the foam around and at the stern of a sailboat? (3 points)
4. What is the close relationship between ocean luminescence and production and construction? (3 points)
Three, two-dimensional bar code
① Barcodes can be divided into one-dimensional barcodes and two-dimensional barcodes. One-dimensional bar code is a common bar code that people are very familiar with today. Its information is only represented by the width of black and white stripes, and it is distributed in a single direction on the plane. Although one-dimensional bar code can only encode dozens of characters and numbers, it can not be separated from the database, but its use greatly improves the speed of computer data acquisition and information processing, promotes the scientific and modern management, and greatly improves people's working environment and living environment. At present, this kind of bar code covers almost most of the goods and moving objects in the world. Two-dimensional bar code was developed when one-dimensional bar code could not meet the requirements of large-capacity information storage, and it has only been 20 years so far. Different from one-dimensional bar code, its information is distributed in the form of points on both X axis and Y axis. It can not only store characters and numbers, but also store digital information such as graphics and stiffness, and it stores a large amount of data. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of low information storage cost, direct reading with portable reading equipment without binding to a database, unchangeable information once stored, and recoverable contaminated information.
② Two-dimensional bar code improves the application level of bar code qualitatively and broadens the application field of bar code quantitatively. After the QR code is applied to ID cards, passports, motor vehicle driving licenses and other important documents, it is difficult for counterfeiters to succeed because the QR code can store personal photos, voices, fingerprints, irises, genetic status and other comprehensive information. The QR code can not only "recognize people", but also accurately "recognize things". After the QR code is applied to drugs, high-end household appliances and other items, because the QR code can store comprehensive information such as origin, manufacturer, brand, quality index, production batch number and safety performance, fake and shoddy products will never go unpunished. When not connected to the network, the content read by the portable reading device is uploaded to the relevant database, thus "tracking" the flow direction of the object. For example, relevant institutions can make "identity cards" for trees, mail, cars, munitions, freight items and so on by using two-dimensional bar codes. , so that people can understand their changes and cycles well. In addition, the QR code can also be used in banking, industry and commerce, taxation, customs and other systems with high management requirements.
③ At present, the application of two-dimensional bar code is far less popular than that of one-dimensional bar code. One reason is that the existing two-dimensional bar code system still has technical defects in information density, coding language, shape proportion and reading cost, and the other reason is that only a few developed countries in the world have the intellectual property rights of the underlying core technology of two-dimensional bar code.
China is the biggest user of Chinese, so it is very necessary for China's economic development and social stability to build a two-dimensional code system that is suitable for China's national conditions and can be circulated internationally. Recently, Shanghai Peron Information Technology Co., Ltd. successfully developed the "Peron 2D Barcode", which has the characteristics of high information density, secure encryption function, flexible shape ratio, multi-directional coding and decoding function, strong anti-distortion function and so on, and can be applied to a variety of readers and up to 32 language systems. "Peron 2D Barcode" is a coding, decoding and identification system with completely independent intellectual property rights.
⑤ "Peron 2D Barcode" has been applied in practical work. For example, since August 1 day, 2003, the national 127 airport has uniformly used the motor vehicle driver's license printed with the "Belon 2D barcode" with an area of 6 square centimeters. After the driver's license is inserted into the portable reader, detailed personal basic information in Chinese and English and a personal color photo with 16384 pixels will be displayed on the display screen immediately. However, the area of the QR code on the most advanced QR code certificate "Kentucky Automobile Driver's License" in the United States is 18.2 cm2, and the information stored is only a 2,250-pixel black-and-white photo besides short personal English information.
1. Pay attention to the underlined words. (2 points)
① Blurred () ② Distorted ()
Please find out and correct the inappropriate words underlined in the first paragraph of the article. (2 points)
A: It will be changed to
3. The article mainly explains two-dimensional bar code, why should we explain one-dimensional bar code first? (2 points)
A:
4. Compared with one-dimensional bar code, what progress has been made? (3 points)
A:
Please briefly summarize the contents described in paragraph ③ of the article. (2 points)
A:
6. What are the characteristics of "Belon 2D Barcode" independently developed by China? (2 points)
A:
7. What interpretation methods are used in paragraph 5 of the article? What's the point? (4 points)
A:
8. The second paragraph of this article uses words such as "discerning person", "recognizing things", "tracking" and "identity card". What are their expressive functions? (2 points)
A:
(Huai 'an, Jiangsu, 2006) Read the following and complete 6 ~ 8 questions. ( 1 1)
When space technology is applied to life ...
When people turn their attention to space science and technology again and again, many people will have such questions: How much will it cost? What benefits will it bring to people? Why not spend the money elsewhere?
In fact, space technology is closely related to our daily life. According to a list of NASA, more than 700 achievements of space exploration have been applied to people's daily lives.
The application of space science and technology in modern medicine is remarkable: laser angiography, a new generation of pacemakers, infrared thermometers, thermal sensing video instruments (which can determine pathological changes in the human body without surgery), blood analyzers and so on. Now all the major hospitals in the world have intensive care units, which is one of the most important applications of space technology. In the 1960s, various devices in the intensive care unit were used to monitor the physical condition of astronauts traveling in space.
The technological revolution of space science and technology is indispensable to us today. Portable computers are one of them. When the United States carried out the moon landing program, it needed a small portable computer system to monitor space travel, and the prototype of portable computer was born. Perhaps, even if humans don't try to land on the moon, all kinds of high technologies, including information technology, will be developed, but the development speed is much slower than now. Although the United States and other countries have invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the development of space science and technology, the resulting high development of computer technology is enough to return the cost of investment.
Although the initial goal of many new aerospace technologies is not to be applied on the earth, they eventually become a means to benefit mankind. For example, study the consequences of human exposure to strong radiation, find ways to avoid radiation damage to astronauts' blood, and make people find ways to treat leukemia, anemia and other blood diseases.
The knowledge brought by space science and technology to the people of the world is rich and its influence is far-reaching. Transforming space science and technology into implementable industrial productivity and commercial and civil technologies should be the goal of mankind.
(there are deletions. Excerpted from Reference News, April 22, 2006)
1. What three aspects above show that space science and technology are closely related to our daily life? (3 points)
Answer: ①
②
③
2. Tell the specific content of "this" added in the following sentence. (4 points)
(1) The prototype of portable computer was born.
A:
(2) However, the resulting highly developed computer technology is enough to return the input cost.
A:
3. Experience the function of adding words to sentences and choose a question to answer. (If you answer both questions, only mark the first question. )
① Now there are intensive care units in major hospitals all over the world, which is one of the most important applications of space science and technology.
Will deleting the "one" in the sentence affect the meaning expressed? Please explain it briefly with sentences.
A:
Perhaps, even if humans don't try to land on the moon, all kinds of high technologies, including information technology, will be developed.
Exhibition, but the development speed is much slower than now.
Deleting "maybe" doesn't seem to affect the expression of the sentence. Why does the article say this? Please combine the article
Brief description.
A:
5. Read the following. Complete 18-20. (12)
The last human chromosome was decoded in joy.
18 On May 8th, American and British scientists published the gene sequencing of the last human chromosome, chromosome1,in the online edition of the British journal Nature, and completed the "book of life" to interpret the human genetic code.
Among all 22 pairs of autosomes in human body, chromosome 1 contains the largest number and size of genes. Its gene number is as high as 3 14 1, which is twice the average level and the most difficult to decipher. It took a team of 150 British and American scientists 10 years to complete the sequencing of chromosome 1. The human genome project, which lasted 16 years, finished the last chapter of the book of life.
It is estimated that the human chromosome consists of about 20,000 to 25,000 genes. In the process of deciphering chromosome 1, scientists discovered at least 1000 new genes.
The data obtained by human genome research is like a huge gold mine. It will promote the development of different fields of biology, such as neurobiology and cell biology. People can find more than 5000 methods to diagnose and treat genetic diseases, and prevent or even reverse the inheritance of some diseases. Among them, more than 350 diseases are considered to be related to genetic problems on chromosome 1, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
The Human Genome Project is one of the greatest projects in the history of human life science, and it is the first global cooperative project to systematically and comprehensively interpret and study human genetic material DNA. Dr Gregory, who led the 1 chromosome sequencing project, said: "The publication of the last and largest human chromosome sequencing marks the climax of biological and medical research based on human gene sequencing."
1. According to the text, what achievements have scientists made in gene research? What is the purpose of adding the word "at least" in the third paragraph? (4 points)
2. Column data is a common interpretation method. What does the "50 kinds" in the fourth paragraph mean? (3 points)
3.( 1) Please summarize the significance of the research results of chromosome 1. (no more than 15 words) (2 points)
(2) From the underlined sentences in the article, we can see what kind of spirit should we have in scientific research? (3 points)
answer
Explanatory genre
First, refer to answer 7. (1) Environmental protection and no pollution; (2) inexhaustible; (3) Low development cost and broad prospects. (If the meaning is correct, 3 points)
8. Specific data show that solar energy resources are abundant. (If the meaning is correct, 2 points)
9. "One" shows that solar energy is one of "renewable energy sources that can not only obtain energy at present, but also reduce the emission of harmful gases and substances such as carbon dioxide", and other energy sources also have this feature. "Hopefully" means that solar air conditioning is expected to "enter people's lives" this year, but it is not completely certain at present. (The above meaning is correct. 3 points)
Second, the reference answer
1.( 1) is caused by luminescent plankton with very small particles. (2) Caused by marine luminescent bacteria. (3) It is caused by a big luminous body in the ocean. (65438+ 0 point per point)
2.( 1) Features of "Spark-type Ocean Luminescence": It consists of countless white, light green or light red flashes, and the emitted light falls like bundles of sparks, such as "fire rain", one after another. (2) the characteristics of "diffuse ocean luminescence"; When a large number of luminescent bacteria exist, milky light will appear on the sea surface. (3) The characteristics of "flashing sea glow": one bright and one dark, repeated circulation, like a flash. (65438+ 0 point per point)
3. Because of the tiny luminescent plankton, it only emits bright light when there is mechanical disturbance or chemical stimulation on the sea surface.
4.( 1) Affect the safe navigation of ships. (2) It can forecast the weather. (3) It is convenient for fishermen to fish at night. (65438+ 0 point per point)
Third, refer to the answer 1. (2 points) 1meng2j
2. Replace "improvement" with "improvement".
3. Two-dimensional bar code is developed on the basis of one-dimensional bar code. Firstly, the one-dimensional bar code is introduced, which helps people to understand the two-dimensional bar code more clearly.
4.① The information of two-dimensional bar code is distributed in both the X axis and the Y axis in the form of points.
② Two-dimensional bar codes can store not only characters and numbers, but also graphics, stiffness and other information that can be digitized, with a large amount of data.
③ The storage cost of two-dimensional code information is low, and the content can be directly read by portable reading equipment without connecting to a database. Once the information is stored in it, it cannot be changed, and the polluted information can be recovered.
5. The application of two-dimensional bar code is far less popular than that of one-dimensional bar code.
6. It has high information density, secure encryption function, flexible shape ratio, multi-directional coding and decoding function and strong anti-distortion function, and can be used in many readers and up to 32 language systems.
7. Through the comparison of figures and examples, it is intended to show that the motor vehicle driver's license printed with "Belon QR code" in China is much more advanced than the most advanced two-dimensional code certificate "Kentucky motor vehicle driver's license" in the United States at present.
8. Illustrate the advantages of 2D barcode vividly and easily.
Fourth, refer to the answer
1.① The application of space science and technology in modern medicine is remarkable;
② The technological revolution of space science and technology is indispensable for us today;
(3) Many new technologies in space science and technology have finally become a means to benefit mankind. (or although the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Many new technologies were not originally intended to be applied on the earth, but in the end they all turned out to be beneficial to 3.
Human means. )
2.① When the United States carries out the moon landing plan, it needs a small portable computer system to monitor space tourism. (That's right)
The United States and other countries have invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the development of space science and technology. (That's right)
3.① The deletion of "a" will affect the expressed meaning. "One" refers to one of them, indicating that "intensive care unit" is only one application of space technology in modern medicine, and there are other applications of space technology in modern medicine. /If deleted, it means that space technology has only one application in modern medicine. (2) "Maybe" (that is, "maybe") indicates uncertainty (speculative tone), which makes the hypothetical content/("even if ……") more euphemistic (euphemistic) and not blunt (sounding) to read.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) refers to the answer
1. Sequencing work (of genes or chromosomes); Using divisor makes the explanation more accurate, and at the same time shows that many new genes have been discovered.
2. Explain that the research results are of great significance in medicine and the results are extraordinary.
(1) will promote the development of biological and medical research.
(2) Perseverance and teamwork spirit