Second board: small and medium-sized board, growth enterprise market
Third board: new third board
Fourth board: securities trading center
There are more and more listed companies in recent years, which brings great convenience, but listing is not a simple matter, so there are several ways for listed companies. Let's take a look at them together.
There are several ways to go public.
_ In the context of China, listing can be divided into three ways: China companies are listed in China or listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges (A shares or B shares); China companies go directly to overseas stock exchanges (such as new york Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange) (H shares); China companies indirectly set up offshore companies overseas and listed on overseas stock exchanges in the name of offshore companies (red chips).
_ There are two ways to go public:
_ 1, IPO listing (IPO listing)
_ Initial public offering (IPO listing) means that the company applies to the securities management department according to the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, and the securities management department, after examination, agrees that the company can be directly listed on the securities market by issuing a certain number of public shares.
_ In order to curb the overheating of real estate development and remove the elements of economic bubble, China has banned the IPO listing of real estate companies since 1995. After years of adjustment, the real estate market is facing new development opportunities. Since 200 1, with the listing of Tianhong Baoye, the country began to lift the ban, and the capital market reopened to real estate enterprises after eight years. Since 200 1, four real estate companies in China have applied for IPO listing through CSRC.
_ 2. Buy a shell and go public
_ Listing by shell means buying the controlling stake of a legally listed company (shell company) in the securities market, mastering the controlling stake of the company, injecting the assets and business of the company into the shell company through asset restructuring, and directly obtaining the listing qualification without applying for listing and issuing new shares.
_ What is the classification of the listed departments?
_ Main board, growth enterprise market and small and medium-sized board are mainly based on the strength level of the company. In addition, there is a new third board.
_ motherboard
_ The main board market, also known as the first board market, refers to the traditional securities market (usually the stock market) and is the main place for securities issuance, listing and trading in a country or region.
_ Companies in Chinese mainland's main board market are listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The main board is generally listed on the A-share market, including Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets. In China, the code of Shanghai A shares starts with 6, and the code of Shenzhen A shares starts with 00.
_ GEM
_ Growth Enterprise Market, also known as the second board market, has just been launched in recent years, aiming at listing some high-tech and high-growth enterprises. GEM code starts with 300.
_ Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), the second stock exchange market, is a kind of securities market different from the main board market, which provides financing channels and growth space for entrepreneurial enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, high-tech industrial enterprises and other enterprises that need financing development.
_ SME board
_ Small and medium-sized board, that is, SME board, refers to the Growth Enterprise Market with a circulation scale of about 1 billion, which is relative to the main board market. Some enterprises can't meet the requirements of the main board market and can only be listed in the small and medium-sized board market. Small and medium-sized board is listed in Shenzhen with the market code of 002.
_ New Third Board
_ The New Third Board refers to the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is the third national share trading market alongside the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
_
_ How many ways can companies go public? What are the categories of listed companies (picture source picture network)
_ What are the principles for listed companies to issue shares?
_ open
_ That is, it is required to fully disclose the information of the offered shares to investors, so that investors can know the true and comprehensive situation of the issuer and support investors to choose investment opportunities, evaluate investment risks and make investment decisions on the basis of mastering investment information. Stock issuance activities should be standardized and transparent, and false information and fraudulent acts to deceive investors should be prohibited.
_ Fairness
_ This is the basic principle of stock issuance, which requires that the parties to the stock issuance have equal status under the same conditions, the same investors enjoy the same rights, and the same issuers bear the same responsibilities in law. There should be no unfair treatment between the same investors, or the issuer enjoys special rights that are not allowed by law.
_ Justice
_ That is to say, in equity issuance, we must abide by uniform rules, and the legal protection for the parties is the same. Stock issuance activities should be objective and fair, handle affairs according to law, safeguard social justice, and ensure the implementation of various norms related to the principle of justice.
_ Enjoy equal rights.
_ The same share with the same benefit means that under the same conditions, the same share should be equal. The same company and share enjoy equal rights, and the rights embodied in shares should also be equal. Exercise voting rights according to the number of shares held, and dividends also depend on the number of shares held. It should not be the same share with different rights and different dividends.
_ The above is an introduction to several ways of listing companies and the classification of listed companies. I hope it will help everyone.