Potted grape planting method
Pot soil preparation
1. Container selection: Available containers include clay pots, clay pots, purple sand pots, wooden pots, plastic flowerpots, etc. , can be selected according to conditions. Potted grapes can be planted in containers with a diameter of about 20-25cm in the first year, and in containers with a diameter of 30-40cm after 2-3 years. It can be determined according to the production capacity and site space.
2. Potted soil requirements: loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium is needed. Can also be based on local conditions, choose a wide source, low cost, no pests and diseases, pollution-free culture materials. Commonly used materials are humus soil, peat soil, pastoral soil, sand and gravel, bone meal, puffed chicken manure and so on.
3. Potted soil preparation: The common preparation formula is ① 4 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 3 parts coarse sand and 0.5 part bone meal. ② 7 parts of pastoral soil, 2 parts of coarse sand (or slag), 0 part of expanded chicken manure/kloc-0, and 0.5 part of bone meal.
4. Pot soil disinfection: After mixing the pot soil evenly, spray it with 0. 1% formalin solution (500ml per cubic pot soil). Then sealed with plastic film, fumigated for one day and night, peeled off the film, aired for 3-4 days, and then potted for later use.
Variety selection
Grape varieties available for potted plants include Kyoho, Jingya, Jingchao, Yidoujin, Heiaolin, Jingyu, Fenghuang 5 1, Dilava, 861,86 12, Zizhenxiang, American Black Grape, etc.
Upper basin and soil replacement
After the flowerpot is selected, it is best to soak it in 1% bleaching powder water for 5 minutes, take it out and dry it, and put it in sterilized culture soil. Seedlings for potted grapes can be directly cut with cuttings in flowerpots and cultivated into seedlings.
When cutting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for easy selection and retention, and always keep the pot soil moist. Grape plants of 1-3 years old can also be transplanted with soil before germination.
When transplanting, plant branches and vines should be pruned again. Generally, strong branches and vines of 1-3 are selected. In the year of transplanting, the key point is to restore the tree, cultivate the tree shape, lay a good foundation, and not bear fruit for the time being.
After the plants grow in the pot for 1-2 years, the original container space can no longer meet the requirements of root growth and development, and the nutrients in the pot soil gradually decrease. Therefore, the container needs to be changed from small to large or the basin soil needs to be replaced. This work is generally carried out at the end of the dormancy period and before the growth begins. When changing pots or soil, some dead roots should be cut off and watered immediately after changing, so as to facilitate the plant to resume growth.
Plastic trimming
1, single rod shape
Suitable for medium and small potted plants. In the year of planting, erect a bamboo pole or No.8 iron wire in the center of the pot, and the height is about1m. After the new buds germinate, select strong new buds as main vines, pull them onto bamboo poles, and pick the core when they grow to 80-90cm. After that, leave 1-2 leaves to grow except the top secondary buds.
In winter, mature branches and vines can be cut off by 50cm. After germination in the second year, leave 3-5 strong new buds on the main vine, and the remaining buds should be erased in time. When pruning in winter, 2-3 buds are reserved for each new shoot as the bearing mother branch for pruning. After germination in the third year, each bearing mother branch leaves 1-2 new shoots, and then it is chopped every year.
2. Fan shape
In the winter of the planting year, the cuttings with new shoots over 60cm are left as the trunk, and in the following year, a new shoot is left every 10- 15cm, and the cuttings in winter are the fruiting mother branches with 1-3 buds. In the third year, 1-2 fruiting branches are left on each fruiting mother branch, and the new shoots and new ears are evenly distributed in the second year.
Fertilizer and water management
1, fertilization
The principle of fertilization for potted grapes is to apply less fertilizer. Generally, the pot seedlings that have not yet borne fruit start from the height of about 20cm (that is, 6-7 leaves) and apply cake fertilizer 1 time every 7- 10 days until the end of September.
In order to ensure the fruit development, it is best to apply potted grapes 1 time every 5 days, and then apply them as potted seedlings after the fruit is harvested. Pay attention to watering immediately after each application of liquid fertilizer.
Potted grapes can also be sprayed with fertilizer on the leaves, spraying 0. 1%-0.3% urea solution 2-3 times in the early growth stage of potted grapes, and spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3-4 times every 7- 10 days from the fruit expansion stage.
water
When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature It is advisable to water before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm, and the water quality is good. The frequency of watering depends on the season. Generally, the temperature is low in early spring, so it can be watered once every 2-3 days. With the increase of temperature, the evaporation increases, and water can be poured once every 1-2 days. After the temperature gradually decreases in autumn, the watering frequency gradually decreases.
Eliminate pests and diseases
Potted grapes have few pests, and the focus is on diseases. Common diseases include downy mildew, white rot, anthracnose and black pox. Grapes can be sprayed with 3-5 Baume sulfur mixture during dormancy, and 10- 15 days after germination can be sprayed with 1 times 1 times 1:0.5:200 times bordeaux solution or 500 times compound carbendazim solution, which can prevent and control general diseases.
Overwintering management
Overwintering management is mainly to prevent freezing injury and drainage of potted grapes, and protective measures can be adapted to local conditions. After the potted grapes are pruned in winter, they should be removed, watered enough, and buried in ditches or pits, the depth of which can be 30-50cm from the ground, or placed in corridors or balconies for the winter. No matter where you put it, you should pay attention to check the soil and keep it moist. The appropriate temperature is 0-5℃.
Family grape planting method
First of all, the most important thing to plant potted plants is pots, which should not be too small or too big. Just as people should wear clothes that fit them, fruit seedlings should also have suitable pots, and at least 30 cm pots are the most suitable. In order to increase air permeability, some coarse sand can be added to the soil.
Breathability is very important for farming, and it is best not to use airtight pots.
It is best to cultivate a grape in a jar. Don't plant two kinds of grapes at the same time, and don't mix them with other fruits.
Many people like to water a lot when raising plants, which is not good and will accelerate the death of plants, so we must control the amount of water.
When putting up a shelf, you don't need an iron or a shelf with fast heat transfer.
In order to make grapes bear more fruits, it is necessary to increase fertilization when it is growing vigorously.
In order to make the roots of plants breathe better, it is necessary to loosen the soil regularly.
In order to make plants grow better and more beautiful in the coming year, we must pay attention to pruning branches and leaves.
Pruning method of potted grapes
When grapes grow in autumn, the roots store certain nutrients, and when they germinate in spring, they grow new shoots, and at the same time, they produce grape tidbits (tidbits on newly grown new shoots), which can only bear fruit after flowering. The nutrients stored in the roots are limited, and only a few winter buds can differentiate into tidbits. Winter pruning is to keep a small amount of winter buds in order to concentrate nutrition. If you don't cut it in winter, spring will come, and the buds on all kinds of branches will grow together, and the nutrients stored in the roots are not enough for so many buds to grow. How can you give birth to tidbits?
Winter scissors also play a role in the south, promoting the hibernation of grapes. After all the leaves that have not fallen are cut off, the grapes can really enter hibernation and accumulate strength for the germination and growth in spring. People who don't sleep at night have no spirit during the day, and grapes hibernate like this.
Winter pruning time: the best pruning time in Shenzhen: 65438+February 20th? 65438+ October 20th. Special note: Do not trim the bleeding period! When the weather gets warmer in spring, the grapes come in? During the bleeding period, the sap flows (wake up after hibernation). If pruned at that time, the wound will be like a wound, unable to heal in a short time, dripping water (sap) all day, which will greatly weaken the tree and seriously affect its growth and fruit. Shenzhen will enter the period of grape bleeding in late February, when pruning or pruning should be avoided.