The economy belongs to individual workers or families, engaged in individual labor and management. Based on the laborer's own labor;
Small scale, less investment, simple equipment and flexible operation. Make full use of scattered resources, develop small commodity production, preserve and develop traditional skills, activate the market, facilitate people's lives and increase employment. It is an important non-public economy in the primary stage of socialism. The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "they are all important components of the socialist market economy".
private
The economy is based on private ownership of the means of production and employment production, with the purpose of making profits. On the basis of employing labor;
Larger scale, more advanced equipment, labor force
High productivity. Concentrated use of some private funds to absorb the personal income of workers and the national financial income can improve the comprehensive economic strength of the country.
foreign capital
Economy is a form of ownership established by China in developing foreign economic relations and absorbing foreign capital. Approved by the China Municipal Government, it was established and operated under the premise of abiding by the laws of China. It can accelerate the modernization of China.
The teacher analyzed and explained:
Individual economy is a form of ownership in which workers or families occupy the means of production and engage in individual labor and management.
[Question] What are the individual economies in our lives?
Small shops, taxis, domestic service centers, moving companies, etc. The markets on the street belong to the individual economy. As can be seen from the examples cited, the characteristics of individual economy are: it is based on its own labor, with small scale, less investment, simple equipment and flexible management. If we don't have these individual economies in our lives, it will cause great trouble to our lives. Therefore, the prominent role of individual economy is to facilitate our lives and increase employment.
We just mentioned Guoxiong Feed Factory, Zhanjiang Jinling Sugar Co., Ltd. and Guangdong Zhanda Group Co., Ltd. What kind of ownership economy do they belong to? (Private Economy) The private economy is a form of ownership based on the private ownership of means of production and employment, with the purpose of making profits. For example, Guangdong Zhanda Group Co., Ltd. was founded by Feng Yajun from Suixi. Ranked 60th among 1998 China's largest 100 private enterprises. So far, Zhanda Group has 3 feed production enterprises, 2 supporting production enterprises and 2 supply and marketing enterprises. From this example, we can see that the private economy is based on wage labor, with large scale and high labor productivity. Its prominent role is to increase employment and play an extremely important role in improving the country's comprehensive economic strength.
[Question] What are the differences and connections between individual economy and private economy?
First of all, they are all private ownership economies based on the private possession of the means of production. The difference between them lies in: (65,438+0) The operators of individual economy are both private and laborers, and their income mainly comes from the labor of individual operators and family members; In the private economy, the number of employees is huge, and the surplus labor provided by employees is the main source of enterprises. (2) Small scale of individual economy, less investment, simple equipment and flexible operation; Private economy has large scale, advanced equipment and high labor productivity.
[Question] Some people think that foreign-funded economy = "foreign-funded" enterprises, right?
Students should first know that foreign-funded enterprises include Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Foreign-funded enterprises include foreign capital in Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises, excluding China capital. In addition, foreign investment should not only be understood as foreign investment, but also include the investment of compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the Mainland.
Above, we have studied the public ownership economy and the non-public ownership economy, both of which belong to the ownership of the means of production. What is their status and relationship? This is the ownership structure.
Ownership structure (blackboard writing)
1, meaning (blackboard writing)
[Question] What is the ownership structure?
The position of ownership of various means of production in the national economy and the relationship between them are called ownership structure.
2, evaluation criteria (blackboard writing)
So, how to evaluate a kind of ownership structure?
We just said that public ownership and non-public ownership are ownership of the means of production, and the ownership structure of the means of production belongs to the problem of production relations. (Guide students to recall the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations) According to the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations, we know that judging the quality of production relations is, of course, to see whether it meets the development requirements of productive forces. When productivity is suitable for productivity, it will promote the development of productivity, and vice versa. Similarly, the criterion for judging the quality of ownership structure is whether it adapts to the development of productive forces.
So, is the productivity level the same in every country? Different, for example, China's productivity is only equivalent to112 in the United States and 1/3 in Britain and France. Because the productivity of each country is different, it also determines that the ownership structure of each country is different.
(C) China's ownership structure (blackboard writing)
Now let's look at China's ownership structure, which consists of public ownership economy and non-public ownership economy. This is the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism in China.
Please look at the slide:
state-owned economy
Public ownership economy and collective economy
(Subject) State-owned and collective components in mixed ownership economy
China's ownership structure
individual economy
Non-public economy and private economy
Wholly foreign-owned economy
Foreign capital economy Sino-foreign joint ventures have only foreign capital.
Foreign investment in Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises
We say that the ownership structure is the status and relationship between the ownership of the means of production, so what is their relationship? This is the content of China's ownership structure.
1, content (blackboard writing)
Since the reform and opening up, China has constantly adjusted and improved the ownership structure, and established a basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together, that is, China's ownership structure. Taking "public ownership as the main body" and "the common development of various ownership economies" are two aspects of this basic economic system, and both are indispensable.
(1) Take public ownership as the main body (blackboard writing)
[Question] What is the dominant position of public ownership?
(Students' answers are abbreviated)
Teacher's explanation: For the embodiment of the dominant position of public ownership, students should pay attention to three points:
First, public assets include not only state-owned assets, but also collective assets. It is national to say that state-owned assets dominate. In some places, some fields and industries can be different.
Secondly, public assets occupy a dominant position in the total assets of society, which should not only have quantitative advantages, but also pay attention to the improvement of quality. In the understanding of quantitative advantage, we can't measure the dominant position of public ownership by simple proportion. An economy should strengthen its strength, improve its quality and achieve the unity of "quality" and "quantity".
Finally, the leading role of the state-owned economy is dominance, which we learned last class. (Guide students to recall) This leading role is embodied in control, which has two aspects. Please pay attention to distinguish between the dominant position of public ownership economy and the leading role of state-owned economy.
Through the previous research, we know that the non-public economy is an important part of China's socialist market economy, and they have their own position and role in the national economy. Therefore, when adhering to the public ownership economy as the main body, don't forget that all kinds of ownership economies are developing together.
(2) the common development of various ownership economies (blackboard writing)
It is to encourage the development of various non-public sectors of the economy, protect the legitimate rights and interests of various enterprises and fair competition according to law, and implement guidance, supervision and management.
Then, why should we adhere to the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together? What is the objective inevitability of it?
1, inevitability (blackboard writing)
There are both fundamental and specific reasons for establishing this basic economic system. Please look at the bold part on page 42 of the textbook.
(1) root cause (blackboard writing)
(2) Specific reasons (blackboard writing)
Fundamentally speaking, the establishment of this basic economic system is determined by the objective law that relations of production must adapt to the development of productive forces. We analyzed this point when we discussed the ownership structure earlier. Now let's look at the specific reasons. Specifically, it is determined by the socialist nature of our country and the national conditions in the primary stage.