Common commercial guarantee modes:
1, financing guarantee+commercial guarantee mode
The combination of financing guarantee and commercial guarantee can effectively disperse the operating risks of guarantee institutions, improve operating income and meet the needs of enterprises for guarantee in the process of market economy development. Financing guarantee generally includes liquidity loan guarantee, fixed assets investment loan guarantee, comprehensive credit line guarantee and bank acceptance bill guarantee. Commercial guarantee business generally includes engineering guarantee, such as bid guarantee, performance guarantee, advance payment guarantee and performance guarantee certificate guarantee, and also includes property preservation business, such as pre-litigation property preservation guarantee and litigation property preservation guarantee. At present, some domestic guarantee companies innovate while engaging in commercial guarantee business, and carry out various forms of commercial guarantee business such as maintenance guarantee, supporting facilities guarantee, subcontractor guarantee and supply guarantee. With the continuous maturity of the management of credit guarantee institutions, their business will change from single financing guarantee business to diversification, and financing guarantee and commercial guarantee will be better combined.
2. Local operation+foreign operation mode
The typical model is Shenzhen Zhongke Zhi Investment Guarantee Company (which has established Zhongke Zhi Holding Group), which adopts the mode of combining local operation with external operation, gives full play to the advantages of capital and management, realizes the regional transfer of risks, and avoids the losses of guarantee institutions caused by irresistible factors such as natural disasters. Considering the particularity of the guarantee industry, it needs strong financial resources, human resources and effective risk management control system, so this model is only suitable for some enterprises with strong strength and high management efficiency to try. After all, in China's immature credit environment, it is necessary to overcome various problems caused by regional economic differences. In the long run, it is the only way for credit guarantee institutions to realize cross-regional operation. Giving full play to the advantages of excellent guarantee enterprises in all aspects is of great significance to promoting the process of national credit guarantee system, especially to the development of credit guarantee in underdeveloped areas. 3. Guarantee+supply chain model
With the continuous development of supply chain theory and practice, banks and guarantee institutions have developed from single enterprise credit reporting to comprehensive credit granting from the perspective of supply chain. For example, the "1+N" model developed by SDB aims at finding large core enterprises in the supply chain and providing financial support for the whole supply chain. From the perspective of guarantee institutions, when carrying out financing guarantee business, we should consider developing new varieties of guarantee business that meet the needs of supply chain enterprises from the perspective of supply chain, or cooperate with banks to provide all-round financial services for supply chain enterprises, so as to realize * * * risk bearing and win-win situation for all parties.
4. Guarantee+parking closed mode
The representative of this model is "Qingdao model". It was initiated by Qingdao Economic and Trade Commission, Qingdao Sub-branch of China People's Bank and Qingdao Banking Regulatory Commission, and jointly established with key banks, investment, guarantee, pawn, auction, private lending, credit evaluation, legal affairs and some small and medium-sized enterprises. The guarantee business will be carried out with the new "park mode" of full service, multi-party participation and organization and supervision by the government and relevant institutions to solve the financing problem for small and medium-sized enterprises in the alliance. This model has the following characteristics: first, intermediary institutions such as United banks, guarantee institutions, pawn institutions, auction institutions, private lending institutions, legal institutions and credit evaluation institutions provide financing services for small and medium-sized enterprises, which broadens financing channels, promotes the innovation of financial service products and solves the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises; The second is to create a service mechanism of voluntary participation, mutual service, winning in good faith and quitting in bad faith; Third, government departments provide free services, which reduces the financing cost of enterprises.
5. Mixed mode
At present, commercial guarantee institutions and policy guarantee institutions generally adopt mixed mode, especially small and medium-sized credit guarantee institutions. Due to their own conditions, it is difficult to plan and choose purposefully in the process of business development. At present, the relevant supervision mechanism of credit guarantee institutions in China is not mature, and the business scope of credit guarantee institutions is not strictly regulated, which leads some guarantee institutions, especially credit guarantee institutions funded by private capital, to engage in complex guarantee business or exceed the business scope of credit guarantee institutions. Another situation exists in large credit guarantee institutions, which set up special departments to engage in related businesses, such as the integration of various business models, which can also be classified as mixed models.