Politics: Briefly describe the economic significance of promoting the shareholding system reform of large state-owned enterprises!

First, it is clear that the basic direction of state-owned enterprise reform in the future is the shareholding system. As early as the early stage of enterprise reform, China has determined that the basic direction of enterprise reform is to establish a modern enterprise system. At that time, the sixteen words "clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, separation of government and enterprise, and scientific management" were put forward as a summary of the modern enterprise system, but what is the modern enterprise system is still not very clear. Subsequently, the National People's Congress promulgated the Company Law. In this way, the modern enterprise system is actually a joint-stock company system. The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that joint-stock capitalism and socialism can be adopted, and the joint-stock system controlled by the state and the collective is obviously public ownership. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee proposed to transform large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, especially advantageous enterprises, into joint-stock enterprises and develop a mixed-ownership economy through standardized listing, joint ventures and mutual equity participation. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to actively promote the shareholding system and develop the mixed ownership economy except for a few enterprises that must be wholly owned by the state. This "Decision" further clearly puts forward that we should vigorously develop the mixed ownership economy and make the shareholding system the main form of public ownership, which further shows that the basic direction of state-owned enterprise reform in the future is the shareholding system, which will not be shaken or changed.

Second, the vast majority of state-owned enterprises will gradually become joint-stock enterprises with diversified investment subjects. A mixed shareholding system is implemented in the same enterprise, including state-owned shares, collective shares, individual shares, foreign-funded shares and legal person shares. All types of ownership capital have equal status and enjoy different rights and interests according to the number of shares. State-owned capital can hold shares or participate in shares, no matter which form it takes, it is the realization form of public ownership. On the basis of diversification of property rights, the shareholders' meeting will be established to become the highest authority of the enterprise. The board of directors is produced by the shareholders' meeting and is the decision-making body of the enterprise. The manager is appointed by the board of directors as the executive body of enterprise management. The shareholders' meeting, the board of directors and managers form a check and balance mechanism and establish a scientific corporate governance structure.

Third, it has created favorable conditions for the development of state-owned enterprises. The implementation of mixed ownership joint-stock system is conducive to concentrating funds from all sectors of society, realizing capital agglomeration and meeting the demand for huge funds for large-scale projects and construction projects; It is conducive to the separation of ownership and management rights, and the selection of talents with strong management skills to enterprise leadership positions; It is conducive to safeguarding the interests of all parties and mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, especially the broad masses of workers, to invest and start businesses; It is conducive to the separation of government and enterprise, government and capital, avoiding unnecessary administrative intervention, and making enterprises become independent market competitors; It is conducive to the integration of China enterprises with international organizations and the internationalization of enterprise organizations.