General scams generally have the following five forms:
1. Inspection fee
When contacting the enterprise, the financing swindler asks to visit the enterprise and pay the inspection fee without knowing the situation of the enterprise;
2. Project acceptance fee
The project acceptance fee refers to the expenses incurred by the financing swindler in evaluating and pre-examining the project after receiving the relevant information of the enterprise. In particular, investment consulting institutions with foreign investment background often charge project acceptance fees as a way of project control procedures and cost transfer.
3. The cost of writing a business plan
Financing swindlers generally ask financing companies to provide project business plans. The general enterprise has made a business plan, but the financing service organization refuses to recognize it for various reasons and regards it as a necessary part of the project; It is required to provide a so-called "international standard format" business plan.
4. Assessment fee
In the process of financing, financing swindlers will ask for an evaluation of assets or projects. Require the enterprise to go to the designated financing service institution or evaluation institution for evaluation;
5. security deposit
The financing swindler requires the financing enterprise to operate in strict accordance with its preset procedures, otherwise it will not be carried out; The funders set strict terms for breach of contract.
6. Attorney's fees
This is the most fraudulent expense. At present, it is difficult for fake companies to collect inspection fees, evaluation fees and deposits. It is relatively easy to collect legal fees. Most of this lawyer fee will be returned to the fraud company.
Second, the common steps to set up a financing scam
1. cast the net widely and audition "target customers"
Financing swindlers register domestic representative offices through due process and provide a set of professional financing schemes and steps, and professionally design a fraud network for small and medium-sized enterprises in the news media; On the internet, I talk about various financing theories and use some.
In the activities such as training, consultation meetings and forums provided by state government agencies or social organizations for enterprises, the "speech report" of financing is made to life, and even successful financing cases can be provided, which is convincing and highly credible.
2. Wash away troubles for "valuable customers"
After the first stage of sea selection, some "valuable customers" were screened out for brainwashing. Praise your enterprise for its bright future, great market potential and good projects. Enterprises can get the financing they need through their packaging, and have repeatedly said that there is no charge for pre-consultation. In the end, financiers will be elated, anesthetized, and their judgment will be reduced, which will open the door for them to commit the next fraud.
3. Send "experts" to conduct "field trips"
The so-called expert "on-the-spot investigation" is to defraud the investigation fee, which is about1-30,000 yuan (at present, the financing swindlers catch big fish for a long time and generally don't get much income from this project), and send several people to the project site for the so-called investigation, in order to show that they are more formal companies, and at the same time, they will bring a lawyer. We also need to make a lawyer's credit report, that is, the lawyer pretends to check the business license of the enterprise, the bank account opening license and other information, and the cost of this report is 10- 15000 yuan. In order to increase the credibility, the swindlers will also make an outline of the on-the-spot record of the project inspection, and they will sign it together, indicating that everyone agrees, saying that these documents should be submitted to the so-called headquarters for approval and other lies, so as to give the person in charge of the financing enterprise a reassurance and make you feel that the money is well spent and the project has prospects, so that they can implement the next fraud.
4. Sign a joint venture letter of intent after passing the preliminary examination.
After about two weeks, the financing swindler told the company by phone: "Your project passed and the headquarters decided to invest. Please come to Beijing to sign the relevant legal documents. " When signing a joint venture letter of intent or investment agreement, the liar only tells you that you need to add some information at this time. They pretended to tell the financier that the headquarters now requires that an authoritative organization recognized by the headquarters must prepare a business plan in Chinese and English that conforms to international practice. You will negotiate with Beijing XX Investment Consulting Management Co., Ltd. and pretend that "we will try our best to help you say hello and give you some discounts. You need it in many places during the investment process.
The financier was moved by it. With the signing of the investment agreement, the swindler seized the psychology of the financier and launched an offensive. The so-called Chinese-English business plan 1.5-0.2 million yuan, which is in line with international practice, fell into the account of the partner of the financing swindler.
5. Conduct asset appraisal
After defrauding the business plan1.5-200,000 yuan, he began to defraud the asset appraisal report. The reason for financing fraudsters is that "the assets of your enterprise will be evaluated, and then the project itself will be used as collateral". Hearing such a "reasonable" request, the financier seems to feel that this should be done, otherwise how can investors rest assured of "investing"? Under such "reasonable" circumstances, the cost of the asset appraisal report is as high as 200,000-300,000 yuan, or even more, which falls into the account of the asset appraisal institution designated by the financing fraudsters (of course, the asset appraisal institution is also their accomplice). If the enterprise pays the money, it means that it has fallen into an abyss and cannot extricate itself.
6. Analyze the investment safety and value-added potential of the project. After you pay the cost of the asset appraisal report, the fake company knows the psychological needs of the financier at this time, so it will always remind you that "the first batch of tens of millions will hit your account first". In order to stabilize your mood and dispel your worries, it is necessary to arrange people from the "Finance Department" to come over and talk with you about financial matters, and further make an analysis report on the investment safety and value-added potential of the project. The answer is: "Analysis Report on Project Investment Safety and Value-added Potential" is more than RMB 6,543.8+0.5 million, and "Three-year Financial Audit Report according to American Accounting Standards" is RMB 6,543.8+0.5 million. What can financiers get by paying? The answer is: some worthless paper. These scammers are secretive and have "good reasons" to make you feel that they don't take money directly, but only pay for these reports. When the enterprise financing reaches this level, although there are some concerns, it feels unwilling to give up; But go on, I feel there is a conspiracy. 7. After designing a guarantee scam and defrauding the above-mentioned large amount of funds, the financing swindler will also implement a bigger scam, design a guarantee trap, and move your financing project to the so-called guarantee company (also an accomplice). The liar's lie is: "Because it is the first cooperation, the first batch of funds is to reduce our investment risk.
Need a guarantee company guarantee. "If you fall into this trap, the guarantee company will sign a Financing Guarantee Contract with the financing party, and the guarantee fee will be 2.5-3% of the amount of financing. The swindler has already seen through the psychological activities of the financier, and the victim feels that there is only one last step left. If all the money spent on it is given up, it is likely to succeed. However, if you pay the guarantee fee, the "guarantee company" requires you to continue playing the "check" game above. Will you continue? Finally, the fraud company still has an excuse to deceive people. The bank where the financier opens an account can only get the first batch of investment money by issuing a bank guarantee. Can you do it? Failure to do so is the financier's "default".
8. At this stage, it is time for financing enterprises to choose to continue or withdraw automatically. If we go further, we must invest more and see no results. If it continues, it may lead to breach of contract and payment of liquidated damages for its own reasons.
Some financing companies believe that since they have invested a lot in the early stage, it is a pity to give up, and they will continue to go on, and the result is often deeper and deeper. At this time, the best choice is of course to stop here. If you feel unlucky, you should pay "tuition".
Third, how to prevent financing fraud
1. The methods to distinguish between true and false financing service institutions mainly include:
(1) Whether to consider the problem from the perspective of the enterprise;
(2) Whether it has financing experience and professionalism;
(3) Whether the charges are in line with the value of the services provided, and what is the quality-price ratio;
(four) whether the services provided are in line with the actual situation of the enterprise;
(5) Whether there is a contract clause trap when signing the contract;
(6) What is the relationship with the investor and whether the position is independent;
(seven) the background of service institutions and the quality of financing service personnel;
(8) The profit model is different, and the real service organization aims at providing intellectual services or risk agency.
2. The method of distinguishing true and false investment companies
Regular investors have many similarities with the above-mentioned institutions that set up scams in service workflow; But there are still many differences, mainly including:
(1) bear the transportation expenses by itself;
(2) Enterprises are not required to evaluate assets or projects in the process of financing;
(3) When intermediaries need to intervene in the operation process, they don't designate financing service agencies, such as things offices and evaluation agencies;
(4) bear all or part of the operating process costs;
(5) The project to be invested or the cooperative enterprise to be invested is very detailed from the beginning; Conduct project demonstration with enterprises and their financing service institutions in person;
(6) There are strict investment directions and principles;
(7) enterprises that do not have the conditions will not be carried out;
(8) No process fee will be charged before success;
(9) Not in a hurry to sign a cooperation agreement with the enterprise;
(10) The cooperation agreement signed is very fair, and there is no trap of contract terms.
3. Enterprises should strengthen their awareness of self-prevention
(1) Investigate and confirm the investment company or financing service institution.
(2) Seriously accept friends' suggestions. Whether it is the related person of the enterprise team or the investor or financing institution introduced by others, this is not the root of the enterprise entering the financing scam. The key to solve the problem is that financing enterprises should strictly check the workflow and selection criteria, and improve their awareness and technology.
(3) Don't be opportunistic.
(4) improve judgment. Lack of judgment on investors and financing service institutions is one of the important reasons for enterprises to fall into financing fraud. Therefore, enterprises accumulate experience and actively learn relevant knowledge in the process of financing practice.
(5) Please ask a professional financing consultant to follow the whole process. Service enterprises can choose professional ethics and experienced financing service institutions, they can be financing consultants from the perspective of enterprises, and they can also invite lawyers to participate, judge the nature and authenticity of institutions in advance, and choose carefully before signing agreements to prevent problems before they happen.