Assume that sovereign funds are the capital of national financial resources. In the Middle East, there are mainly: ADIA KIA, Pi Fu, QIA ICD, Mu Badala, all of which have sovereign capital exceeding $100 billion.
Manchester City: 78% of the shares of ADUG (Abu Dhabi Royal Private Investment Company, estimated assets of US$ 30 billion, non-sovereign fund, Chairman Mansour) hold CFG (City Football Group) and Manchester City is a company investment, not "national capital" (is it different from national investment? ), there are two other sovereign funds in Abu Dhabi: ADIA (estimated assets of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority are 600 billion US dollars) and Mu Badala (estimated assets of Abu Dhabi Mu Badala Investment Company are 200 billion US dollars). These two funds are not directly controlled by ADUG, but Mansour is also involved in the management of sovereign funds. He is also the younger brother of Sheikh Abu Dhabi, President of the United Arab Emirates, and is now the chairman of the board of directors of the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates.
Paris: QIA (estimated assets of Qatar Investment Authority are 300 billion US dollars) holds QSI (Qatar Sports Fund) holds Greater Paris, which is now owned by Qatari Emir (King) Tamim, and Nasser is an errand boy.
Newcastle: PIF (estimated assets of Saudi public investment fund are 400 billion US dollars) holds 80% of the newly established consortium to acquire Newcastle, and mohamed ben salman (Saudi Crown Prince) is the actual controller.
Therefore, according to the direct holding relationship: Newcastle-Paris-Manchester City, according to the financial resources behind it: Manchester City-Newcastle-Paris.
According to the national GDP: Newcastle-Manchester City-Paris is actually equal to 1000 billion.
Finally, there are two large sovereign funds that have not yet participated in European football.
ICD Dubai Investment Company is valued at $300 billion, while KIA Kuwait Investment Bureau is valued at $700 billion, which can be seen from financial resources. In addition, Bahrain's Mumtalakat Company (20% of Little Paris FC) and Oman's investment institution (OIA) Sharjah Asset Management Company (SAM) are both below $ 1000 billion.