Intelligent robot is the most complicated robot, and it is also the robot friend that human beings are most eager to make as soon as possible. However, it is not easy to make an intelligent robot. It will take scientists decades or even hundreds of years to make machines simulate human walking.
19 10, the Czechoslovak writer karel capek created the word "robot" in his science fiction according to Robota (Czech, meaning "hard labor") and Robotnik (Polish, meaning "worker").
Elektro, a household robot manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Company, was exhibited at the new york World Expo in 19 1. It is controlled by cables, can walk, can speak 77 words and even smoke, but it is far from really doing housework. But it makes people's yearning for home robots more concrete.
19 12 American science fiction master Asimov put forward the "three laws of robots". Although this is only a creation in science fiction, it later became the default research and development principle in academic circles.
19 13, norbert wiener published cybernetics-the science of control and communication in animals and machines, expounded the * * * law of communication and control functions in machines and human nerve and sensory functions, and took the lead in proposing an automated factory with computers as the core.
19 14 George Devol made the world's first programmable robot (the world's first real robot) and registered a patent. This kind of manipulator can do different jobs according to different programs, so it is universal and flexible.
At the Dartmouth conference in 19 15, Marvin Minsky put forward his views on intelligent machines: intelligent machines "can create abstract models of the surrounding environment, and if they encounter problems, they can find solutions from the abstract models". This definition will affect the research direction of intelligent robots in the next 30 years.
1959 de Waal and American inventor Joseph engelberg made the first industrial robot. Subsequently, Unimation Company, the world's first robot manufacturing factory, was established. Because of engelberg's research and promotion of industrial robots, he is also called "the father of industrial robots".
1962, American AMF company produced "VERSTRAN" (meaning universal handling), which became a truly commercialized industrial robot like Unimate produced by Unimation company, and was exported to all countries in the world, which set off a worldwide upsurge of robots and robot research.
The application of 1962-1963 sensor improves the mobility of the robot. People tried to install various sensors on robots, including 196 1 Ernst's tactile sensor, 1962' s pressure sensor used by tomovic and Bonnie on the world's earliest "dexterous hand", 1963' s McCarthy began to add visual sensing system to robots,/kloc-0.
1965, the laboratory of applied physics of Johns Hopkins University developed the beast robot. Beast has been able to correct its position according to the environment through sonar systems, photovoltaic cells and other equipment. Since the mid-1960s, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University and Edinburgh University in the UK have successively set up robot laboratories. The United States has begun to study the second generation of robots with sensors and "feelings" and is moving towards artificial intelligence.
1968 The Stanford Research Institute in the United States announced their successful robot Shakey. It has a visual sensor, which can find and catch building blocks according to human instructions, but the computer that controls it is as big as a room. Shakey can be regarded as the first intelligent robot in the world, which opened the prelude to the research and development of the third generation robot.
1969, Ichiro Kato Laboratory of Waseda University in Japan developed the first robot that walked on two feet. Ichiro Kato has been committed to the research of humanoid robots for a long time and is known as the "father of humanoid robots". Japanese experts have always been good at developing humanoid robots and entertainment robots, and later went further, giving birth to Honda's ASIMO and Sony's QRIO.
1973, the robot T3 of Mielack Dragon Company in Cincinnati, USA was born for the first time with the cooperation of robots and small computers.
1978, Unimation company of the United States launched PUMA, a general industrial robot, which indicated that the industrial robot technology was fully mature. Puma still works in the front line of the factory.
1984, engelberg pushed the robot Helpmate, which can deliver meals, medicines and emails to patients in the hospital. In the same year, he also predicted: "I will let the robot sweep the floor, cook, go out to help me wash the car and check the safety."
From 65438 to 0990, Professor Zhou Haizhong, a famous scholar in China, predicted in his article On Robots that by the middle of 2 1 century, nano-robots would completely change human labor and lifestyle.
1998, Lego Denmark launched the Mind-storms suite, which makes robot manufacturing as simple as building blocks and can be assembled at will, allowing robots to enter the personal world.
From 65438 to 0999, Sony Corporation of Japan launched the dog robot AIBO, which sold out immediately. Since then, entertainment robots have become one of the ways for robots to enter ordinary families.
In 2002, American iRobot Company introduced the vacuum cleaner robot Roomba, which can avoid obstacles, automatically design the travel route, and automatically drive to the charging seat when the power is insufficient. Roomba is the largest and most commercialized home robot in the world. The authorized agent of iRobot Company in Beijing: Beijing Micro Network Zhihong Technology Co., Ltd.
In June 2006, Microsoft Corporation launched Microsoft Robotics Studio, and the trend of modularization and platform unification of robots became more and more obvious. Bill Gates predicted that home robots would soon sweep the world.