1, balance sheet
Balance sheet is an accounting statement that reflects all assets, liabilities and owners' equity of an enterprise on a specific date (year-end, quarter-end and month-end).
Theoretical basis of balance sheet. The theoretical basis of balance sheet is assets = liabilities+owners' equity.
② The basic structure of the balance sheet. The balance sheet is divided into two parts: assets on the left and liabilities and owners' equity on the right; According to their own specific project arrangements, the total assets are equal to the sum of liabilities and owners' equity.
③ Function of balance sheet.
A. The asset items in the statement explain the various economic resources owned by the enterprise and their distribution.
B. The debt items in the statement show the different repayment periods of the debts undertaken by the enterprise, so as to understand the financial risks faced by the enterprise.
C. Owner's equity project, which explains the share of equity held by enterprise investors in enterprise assets, so as to understand the financial strength of the enterprise.
D it can be used to understand the future financial situation of an enterprise and predict its development prospect.
2. Income statement
Income statement is a report that reflects the operating results and distribution of an enterprise in a certain period.
① Theoretical basis of income statement. The theoretical basis of income statement is income-expense = profit (or loss).
② The basic structure of the income statement. The income statement can be divided into two forms: single step and multi-step. The multi-step format is: product sales revenue minus product sales cost, product sales expense, product sales tax and surcharge equals product sales profit; Plus other business profits, MINUS management expenses and financial expenses, equal to operating profits; Add investment income and non-operating income, and subtract non-operating expenses, which is equal to the total profit; If the enterprise income tax is reduced, it is equal to the net profit.
③ Function of income statement.
A. Reflect the formation steps of the total profit of an enterprise, and reveal the internal relations among the components of the total profit.
B report users can evaluate the profitability and performance of enterprises.
C. It is beneficial for users of statements to analyze and predict the future profitability of enterprises.