I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. When he grew up, he admired the teachings of saints and suffered from being unable to associate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. He quickly walked out of the hundred miles and brought the scriptures to his fellow villagers.
Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.
When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment.
All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. I am wearing a robe, but I am not sentimental at all. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this.
Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. However, I have been blessed by the son of heaven. After I became a public official, I worked as a consultant every day, and the whole world misreported my last name. What else?
Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials have a little support every day. Their parents have Qiu Ge's legacy at the age of 20, and there is no danger of being frozen and embarrassed. Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later.
If they are not proficient in their studies and their moral character is not cultivated, if they have no talent and qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault?
Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. I went to the capital to appear before the emperor, who met me as a fellow villager and wrote a long letter as a gift. The words were fluent and accessible, and I argued with him with a gentle and polite attitude. He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and was a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who despise me, brag about my wealth and prosperity, and be arrogant to my hometown know the rest!
Explanation:
I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor and I can't get books to read, I often borrow them from people who collect books, copy them myself and return them on an agreed date. When the weather is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool is frozen into hard ice, and my fingers can't bend and stretch, so I still don't relax reading. Return it to others as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly.
So most people are willing to lend me books, so I can read all kinds of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more, but I can't communicate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. Once I walked (ran) a hundred miles and asked my compatriots for advice with scriptures in my hand. His predecessors were highly respected, and his master students crowded his room. His words and attitude are never euphemistic.
I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, and bowed my head to him for advice; Sometimes I am reprimanded, my expression is more respectful, my manners are more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; Ask him when he is happy. So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot.
When I was looking for a teacher, I walked in the old valley in the deep mountains with my book box and shoes on my back. In the severe winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant poured me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Staying in a hotel, eating two meals a day, no fresh, fat and delicious enjoyment.
The students' scholars are all well-dressed, wearing red scarves and jewels, with white jade rings around their waist, knives on the left and sachets on the right, which are as bright as gods; I'm wearing an old cotton gown and a rag, and I'm not jealous. Because there are enough things in my heart to make me happy, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is inferior to others. My efforts and hardships are probably like this.
Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.
Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them leather clothes in winter and kudzu clothes in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting downstairs reading classics, there is no hard work; There are teachers like doctors, who ask for advice without asking themselves and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them.
If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault?
Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude.
He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you slander me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my hometown, do you know me?
Extended data:
In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), in the second year of Song Lian's retirement, Feng Zhao went to Yingtian from his hometown Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) to visit his hometown Ma Junze. Song Lian wrote this preface in order to introduce his own learning experience and attitude, encourage others to study hard and become a person with both ability and political integrity when Zhu Yuanzhang was studying in imperial academy.
Liu Ji once commented on Song Lian's "The First Five Natural Festivals" and sent it to the East. He fully described and expounded the importance of being diligent and eager to learn from different aspects, as well as the spirit and attitude that should be upheld. In the last paragraph, I briefly mentioned the meaning of the question: Because Ma Sheng is knowledgeable and Ma Sheng is young and studious, the article encourages Ma Sheng.
This unique article structure layout can be said to be "object" first and then "main". "Guest" focuses on narrative reasoning and pen and ink, so it comes naturally and can naturally transition to "master"-cherish ink as gold to clarify the meaning of the topic.
The full text is divided into three parts, which are compact and rigorous. The first two parts explain the main idea from the comparison, and the latter part closely follows the preface style to explain the writing intention. The article is reasonable, not empty talk and easy to accept.
The first part is the author's account of his study period, and how to be the first among students who study modestly, regardless of the objective conditions. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, he was called "the great poet in the third day of Ming Dynasty". Liu Ji praised him as "the first article today" and scholars from all directions called him "Tai Shigong".
He grew up from a poor family, but he was smart and eager to learn. He was employed by Wu Lai, Liu Guan, Huang Cheng and other ancient writers at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to edit imperial academy. He resigned to write a book on the grounds of taking care of his parents.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and Song Lian became a Confucian teacher in Jiangnan, giving lectures to the Prince. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Tired officials went to the academician courtyard to start a business, knowing the patent. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned and returned home. The preface to Houyang Ma Sheng can be described as a masterpiece in prose, which embodies the demeanor of the elders and the model of everyone, and its beauty is worth savoring.
Ma Junze, who was born after the author's exhortation, is serious and sensible, doing one thing for himself and one thing for personnel. It is beautiful to tell your own story; Describe people, clear-headed. Compared with the world, it is reasonable. Personnel is a matter for college students, and Ma Sheng is one of them.
However, he is different from ordinary students, and he is a "good scholar" who studies hard, so he has the basis of exhortation, otherwise there is no need to exhort him like this. This exhortation article is complicated but not trivial because the author's appearance is close to that of others. It is one of Song Lian's representative works, and it is also the best in plain text.
Song Lian is not only rich in knowledge and literary talent, but also rich in political experience. Ma Shengyuan is a man devoted to learning, and he has made some achievements. Then why did the author teach him this way? The author doesn't mean that people in imperial academy are pampered and don't strive for progress, but that they have superior conditions and should make full use of them.
This is because he knew that Zhu Yuanzhang was jealous of talented people from the beginning of his reign in order to consolidate his rule. Liu Ji, his trusted counselor and founding hero, died in Zhu Yuanzhang's conspiracy. Founding fathers Xu Da, Li Shanchang, Zhong Cheng Tu Jie, official department minister Zhan Hui, and founding fathers Chang Sheng were all killed by Zhu Yuanzhang under various pretexts.
Song Lian was sensible and worldly-wise, and retired from his hometown before Zhu Yuanzhang's purge. This time, Ma Sheng praised him for "going to the capital". In order to avoid Zhu Yuanzhang's suspicion, he did not talk about the suspicion of serving the country and benefiting the people, but talked about the problem of studying for 10 thousand years.
Speaking of reading, I don't forget to praise imperial academy and say something nice about the school conditions sponsored by the emperor. This shows that Song Lian is not only knowledgeable, but also thoughtful. Song Lian was so cautious, and then his grandson got involved, and finally he got involved.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Preface to Dongyang Ma Sheng