Entrust operation: refers to the operation mode that * * * cooperates with social capital, entrusts the operation and maintenance responsibility of existing public assets to social capital or project company, and social capital or project company is not responsible for user service. * * * Retain the ownership of assets and only pay the entrusted operation fee to social capital or project company. The term of the contract generally does not exceed 8 years.
Management contract: refers to the project operation mode that * * * entrusts the responsibility of operation, maintenance and user service of public assets in stock to social capital or project company. * * * Retain the ownership of assets and only pay management fees to social capital or project companies. Management contract is usually used as a transition mode of handover-operation-handover. The term of the contract generally does not exceed 3 years.
Construction-operation-transfer: refers to the project operation mode in which social capital or project company undertakes the responsibility of design, financing, construction, operation, maintenance and user service of new projects, and after the contract expires, the project assets and related rights are transferred to * *. The contract term is generally 20-30 years.
Build-own-operate: evolved from BOT mode. The main difference between the two is that the social capital or the project company has the ownership of the project under the BOO model, but the contract must clearly guarantee the binding terms of public welfare, and generally does not involve the transfer of the project when it expires.
What are the operating modes of PE? (1) The company system ① is a corporate fund ② It is established by registering a joint-stock company or a limited liability investment company ③ Advantages: Under the current business environment in China, the company system fund is more easily accepted by investors ④ Disadvantages: double taxation cannot be avoided, and the decision-making efficiency of key issues in fund operation is not high. (2) Trust system ① is a collective investment tool jointly established by fund management institutions and trust companies. Funds are raised by initiating the establishment of trust benefit shares, and then investment operations are carried out. (2) Trust companies and fund management institutions form an executive decision-making committee to make joint decisions. (3) In terms of internal division of labor, trust companies are mainly responsible for the custody and risk isolation of trust property, and fund management institutions are mainly responsible for the management, operation and liquidation of trust property. (4) Case: Bohai Industrial Investment Fund (3) Limited partnership partnership fund is the mainstream model abroad, which assimilates the values of investors and managers with special rules. As a limited partner (LP), fund investors only bear limited liability. Generally speaking, fund management companies, as general partners (GPs), are responsible for management and investment decisions, and assume unlimited responsibilities. GP usually only pays 65,438+0%-2% of the total subscribed capital. The main sources of profit are fund management fees (about 2%) and profit dividends as high as 20%. Domestic private equity funds adopt the partnership system, and the commercial law and market conditions are basically mature at present (Editor: Hou
What are the operation methods and steps of trust financing in real estate industry? Since it is "trust financing", it can be designed arbitrarily in the imagination space, as long as it does not cross the legal boundary.
In fact, the key to real estate "trust" financing is how to raise and invest. Financing can be carried out through collective or single trust plan, and investment can also be made through loans or equity, as long as the benefits can be obtained and the risks can be controlled. The specific operation can be complex or simple.
What are the operating modes of private Jinji? Private ginger has two main modes of operation:
The first type: guarantee. Ginger will hand over the guarantee funds to investors and set the bottom line accordingly. If it falls below the bottom line, the operation will be automatically terminated and the guaranteed funds will not be returned.
The second is to receive the account number (that is, the customer only needs to give the account number to the private equity fund). If it is lower than the agreed loss ratio (generally 10%-30%), the customer can automatically terminate the agreement and divide the agreed profit part or the agreed profit ratio (generally 10%) according to the agreed ratio, aiming at familiar customers and large enterprise units.
* * * What are the operating modes of cooperation with social capital? What are the promotion and application of * * * and social capital cooperation mode at present? First of all, we should do a good job in system design and policy arrangement, and make clear the project types, procurement procedures, financing management, project supervision and performance evaluation that are suitable for * * * and social capital cooperation mode.
(a) to carry out project demonstration. Local financial departments at all levels should vigorously publicize the concepts and methods of * * * and social capital cooperation mode to the relevant industry authorities at the corresponding level, scientifically assess the public * * * service demand and explore the use of standardized * * * and social capital cooperation mode to build or transform a number of infrastructure projects in accordance with the principles of * * * leading, social participation, market operation, equal consultation, mutual benefit and win-win. The Ministry of Finance will make overall consideration of factors such as project maturity and demonstration degree, select a number of projects based on "user pays" nationwide for demonstration, and constantly summarize, refine and improve the system on the basis of practice.
(2) Determine the scope of the demonstration project. Projects suitable for * * * and social capital cooperation mode have the characteristics of relatively flexible price adjustment mechanism, relatively high degree of marketization, relatively large investment scale and long-term stable demand. Financial departments at all levels should focus on supporting urban infrastructure and public services such as water supply, heating, gas supply, sewage and garbage disposal, affordable housing projects, underground common ditches, rail transit, medical care and old-age service facilities, and give priority to projects with transparent pricing mechanism and stable cash flow.
(3) Strengthen the guidance of demonstration projects. The Ministry of Finance will provide reference cases for local governments by establishing a special project library for * * * and social capital cooperation. For * * * and social capital cooperation demonstration projects, the Ministry of Finance will provide all-round business guidance and technical support for local financial departments in project demonstration, transaction structure design, procurement and partner selection, financing arrangement, contract management, operation supervision and performance evaluation.
(4) Improve the project support policy. The Ministry of Finance will actively study and use the existing special transfer payment channels to provide capital investment support for demonstration projects. At the same time, actively introduce reputable and powerful operators to participate in the construction and operation of demonstration projects. Encourage and support financial institutions to provide financing, insurance and other financial services for demonstration projects. Local financial departments at all levels may, according to local actual conditions, give various forms of financial support to demonstration projects, such as upfront cost subsidies and financial subsidies. Local financial departments at all levels should coordinate various forms of financial support when negotiating with social capital to determine the financial expenditure responsibility of the project, comprehensively consider factors such as project risks, reasonably determine the way and intensity of financial support, and earnestly consider the reasonable income of social capital.
What are the current operating modes of domestic P2P platforms? What are the unsecured online trading modes and secured online trading modes?
Off-line trading mode
Online and offline combination mode
What are the operating modes of private equity funds? The operation process of the fund can be subdivided into four links: financing, investment, management and withdrawal.
What are the operating modes of P2P now? Repayment is used to raise funds, absorb public deposits and make investments. Use the money earned from investment to repay your principal and interest. It's similar to a bank, except that the project he invested is just an excuse to attract you to put your money there. Many platforms run away because the investment projects he said were copied by that platform itself. There is no profit space, or the platform just copies a concept to deceive people. Therefore, it is still prudent to choose P2P financial management, because once the platform runs away, the money you invested will never come back.
What are the operating modes of e-commerce? 1. Business to business
B2B is the abbreviation of English Business to Business, which is a business-to-business e-commerce mode, that is, products, services and information are exchanged between enterprises through the Internet. These processes include: publishing supply and demand information, ordering and confirming orders, payment process, issuing and receiving bills, determining distribution scheme and monitoring distribution process. At present, the well-known B2B websites in China are: Alibaba, HC, business treasure, global sources, China, China, Dunhuang and so on. Vertical category: China Chemical Network, etc.
2. Business to customer
B2C is the abbreviation of English Business to Consumer, commonly known as commercial retail, which sells products and services directly to consumers. This form of e-commerce is generally based on online retail, and online sales activities are mainly carried out with the help of the Internet. B2C mode is the earliest e-commerce mode in China, which is marked by the official operation of 8848 online mall. At present, the well-known B2C websites in China are: JD.COM Mall, Dangdang, Zhuo Yue Amazon, Yixun, 1 Store, etc. Vertical categories: Newegg, Haolemai, Vanke Eslite, Kuwo Sports, Left Bank Women, etc.
3. From consumer to consumer
C2C is the abbreviation of English Consumer to Consumer. C2C, like B2B and B2C, is one of the modes of e-commerce. The difference is that C2C is a person-to-person e-commerce model, and C2C business platform provides an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, allowing sellers to actively provide online auctions of goods, and buyers can choose their own goods for bidding. At present, the well-known C2C websites in China are Taobao, Yi Bei, Paipai and le cool.
4.Groupon mode
It can be simply summarized as the e-commerce and offline consumption patterns of multi-party win-win (consumers and businesses). Consumers, merchants and website operators have their own needs, so as to optimize the allocation of resources to the greatest extent. At present, the well-known Groupon-mode websites in China are: Meituan, Handan, F-group, glutinous rice, full house and so on.