Current location: home > port area Date: Sunday, August 28th, 2005.
A little knowledge of "Hong Kong"
What is a port?
Ports refer to ports, airports, stations and passages for people, goods and vehicles to enter and leave the country.
The opening and closing of ports shall be promulgated and implemented after examination and approval by the State Council or the provincial people's government.
If ports are opened, inspection agencies such as frontier defense, customs, harbour superintendency administration, entry-exit inspection and quarantine, and other agency services stipulated by the state shall be established as required.
2) Port classification
Ports are divided into Class I ports and Class II ports. The first-class ports refer to ports opened with the approval of the State Council (including ports managed by the central government and ports managed by some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government); Second-class ports refer to ports that have been approved by the provincial people's government for open management.
By the end of 2003, there were 243 first-class ports and 54 second-class ports/kloc-0. Up to now, there are 6 first-class ports and 3 second-class ports in our province.
3) Specific division of two types of ports
A type of port:
1, sea, land and air passenger and cargo ports open to foreign ships, planes, vehicles and other means of transport (such as Wuhu, Anqing and Tongling water transport ports in our province);
2. Only ships, planes and vehicles of my nationality are allowed to enter and leave the sea, land and air passenger and cargo ports (such as Hefei, Huangshan Airport and Maanshan Waterway Port in our province);
3. Allow foreign ships to enter and leave the maritime delivery point in China's territorial waters.
Class II ports:
1. Rely on other ports to send people to the loading and unloading points, departure points and delivery points of national ships' foreign trade transportation to go through the entry-exit inspection procedures (such as Chizhou water transport port and Bengbu and Fuyang railway ports in our province);
2. Ports for small-scale border trade and personnel exchanges with local governments of neighboring countries;
3. Special entry and exit ports for border residents.
4) Examination and approval procedures for port opening
(1) Class I ports: The relevant departments (bureaus) where ports, wharves, stations, airports and passages are located or the provincial people's governments consult military regions, and then report to the State Council for approval, and send a copy to the the State Council Port Leading Group, the General Staff Department and relevant competent departments.
(2) Class II ports: The people's government at the port location shall obtain the consent of the local military region and navy, and report to the provincial people's government for approval after inspection and testing at commercial ports. The reply should also be sent to the the State Council Port Leading Group and relevant competent departments for the record.
Brief introduction of water transport ports in our province
Wuhu Port Wuhu is an ancient city with a history of more than 2,000 years. It is the largest commodity distribution center in southern Anhui and along the Yangtze River, and is known as the "Great Harbor of the Yangtze River and the backbone of Anhui". Wuhu Port is one of the top ten ports in the Yangtze River and the earliest port opened to the outside world in Anhui Province. Wuhu Port is located in the center of the inland waterway network consisting of the Yangtze River, Qingyi River, Shuiyangjiang River and Cao Yun. It is the last deep-water port on the Yangtze River, reaching Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces, passing through Jiangsu and Shanghai to Haitong Ocean, 462 kilometers away from Wusongkou, the mouth of Shanghai.
The special railway line in Wuhu Port Area is connected with five railway trunk lines in Huainan, Ningwu, Wu Tong, Anhui, Jiangxi and Xuanhang, and more than ten expressways from Wuhu to Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Hefei, Huangshan and Jiuhuashan. Wuhu Port is only 60km away from Nanjing International Airport and10km away from Wan Li United Airport. Wuhu Port has good storage conditions, with10.5 million square meters of customs export supervision warehouse and bonded warehouse, which can store 200,000 tons of foreign trade materials at one time. Wuhu Port has excellent conditions such as port gathering, port dredging and storage. Wuhu is an open city along the Yangtze River approved by the state. There are state-level economic development zones, export processing zones, United Airlines Airport, large railway marshalling yards and Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge connected with the port area. The investment environment is superior and the port has broad prospects for development.
1980, the State Council approved the opening of Wuhu Port to foreign trade countries. 199 1 10 In June, the 22nd meeting of the 7th the NPC Standing Committee approved the opening of Wuhu Port to foreign ships. There are 0/2 foreign trade terminals, including Wuhu Port Authority, Poseidon Lake Company, Oil Company, Wuhu Pacific Liquefied Gas Co., Ltd., Anhui Yuhuan Highway Asphalt Material Co., Ltd. and Wuhu Baijiang Energy Industry Co., Ltd., with an annual throughput of 3 million tons. June 1982 Wuhu Port successfully docked 1 1700-ton "Zhenxing" ship, carrying 9295 tons of cement and groceries to Hong Kong. Wuhu is an important shipbuilding and ship repairing base in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Wuhu Shipyard can build 30,000-ton seagoing ships, and the port shipyard has an annual ship repairing capacity of 300,000 tons.
Wuhu Port has opened air transport only with Russia, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, and has opened intermodal and transit services with the rest of the world. Wuhu Port has complete institutions, including more than 40 port units such as port office, port supervisor, customs, frontier defense, entry-exit inspection and quarantine, ship inspection, pilotage, agency, tally and external supply. In 2003, there were 336 foreign trade ships entering and leaving Wuhu Port, including 7 1 foreign ship. In 200 1 year, the import and export volume of foreign trade goods was 425 1 10,000 tons, and the import and export volume of international containers was 28,000 TEUs.
Wuhu Port has been paying special attention to the construction of two civilizations since its opening. Wuhu Port was awarded the title of * * * civilized advanced port in China. In recent years, we have persisted in carrying out port service commitment activities, improved service quality and efficiency, and established a good port image.
[Maanshan Port] is located in the southeast of Anhui Province, on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 685 kilometers from Hankou in the upstream and 48 kilometers from Nanjing in the downstream. Domestic expressways go directly to Shanghai-Nanjing, and the Shanghai-Copper Railway runs through the urban area and is connected with the Beijing-Shanghai and Anhui-Jiangxi lines, so the traffic is very convenient. The coastline of the port area is straight, the water flow is stable and the water depth is good. The water depth of Ma 'anshan-Nanjing waterway can reach more than 8 meters in dry season, which can meet the requirements of polar seagoing ships with 5000 tons to 10000 tons for perennial navigation. The coastline of the completed port area is 2300 meters long and can dock ships of 3000-5000 tons all the year round.
Maanshan Port is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 65438 03.4 degrees Celsius. The port area is located in the tidal reach of the Yangtze River, but the tidal level difference is not big. There are 9 wharves and 13 berths. In dry season, the water depth in front of wharves is generally more than 5m. Used in 2 foreign trade terminals (3# and 9#). Wharf 3# is a steel floating wharf with a rear yard capacity of 32,000 tons and an annual comprehensive capacity of 320,000 tons. Wharf 9# is a reinforced concrete high-frame wharf with a total length of1.85m and a storage yard capacity of 1.47 million tons. The annual comprehensive production capacity is 580,000 tons. The port has 0/3 warehouses/kloc-with a total area of 250,000 square meters and a capacity of 1 10,000 tons. There are 63 loading and unloading machines in the port, 5 working ships and traffic ships 1 ship. The special railway line goes directly to the front of the port area, and the railway loading and unloading line is 3.9 kilometers, with good collection and distribution conditions. There are three anchorages in Maanshan Port, which can anchor 34 ships of 1000 ton class at the same time, with an annual maximum anchoring capacity of 4 million tons.
Excellent navigation conditions and strong collection and distribution capacity make Maanshan Port an important foreign trade port in Anhui Province, which is an east-west transit and a north-south distribution. 198 1 year, 1985 was approved by the state as the delivery point and loading and unloading point of foreign trade transportation,1June 1990, the State Council approved Maanshan Port as a first-class port open to ships all over the country.
Ma 'anshan is an important iron and steel industrial base in China, and the foreign trade freight in the port is mainly pig iron and steel. At present, there are 7 self-operated foreign trade enterprises in Maanshan, which have formed more than 38 kinds of export products such as ferrous metals, chemicals, electromechanical products, clothing and knitting, and exported to 28 countries and regions in Europe, America and Oceania. In recent years, the foreign trade volume of Maanshan Port has increased steadily, and there are transportation routes to Japan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. With the joint efforts of import and export enterprises and port inspection departments, transit transportation at Maanshan Port has developed rapidly. 200 1, and the import and export volume reached 505,600 tons.
Since the opening of the port, the local government has invested more than 20 million yuan to build 1 10,000 square meters of inspection office and living room. Established port inspection units such as Maanshan Port Supervision, Customs, Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine to carry out business. The number of foreign-related service enterprises such as foreign trade transportation agents has grown to six. The foreign trade terminal of Maanshan Port with a total investment of more than 70 million yuan and an annual throughput of 350,000 tons has been put into operation. The opening of Maanshan Port to foreign ships has been included in the national tenth five-year plan.
[Tongling Port] Tongling Port is located in the middle reaches of the Wanjiang River, from Anqing to Wuhu 100 km. Excellent geographical location and convenient land and water transportation. It is the "two ports in the east of the Yangtze River" with a long history, and it is also the intersection of the "one line and two points" economic development strategies of the provincial party committee and the provincial government. 1986 Tongling port was approved by the provincial government as a second-class water transport port. 1993 65438+ 10, the State Council approved Tongling port as a first-class water transport port open to ships of foreign nationality. 1993 65438+ 10, the State Council approved Tongling Port as a first-class water port open to foreign ships, which gave the hinterland of Wanjiang a direct access to the world.
Tongling Port now has 14 wharves, and three wharves can be used for berthing foreign ships. With an investment of nearly 100 million yuan, the general cargo terminal can berth two 5000-ton ships at the same time, with an annual throughput of 600,000 tons, and has two general cargo warehouses and two container warehouses, with an effective cargo yard area of 1.35 million square meters. The wharf is equipped with a 40t gantry crane and two10t gantry cranes. Tongling Port also has a water, public and rail transportation network, and a number of special railway lines run directly to the wharf front and the Shanghai-copper railway trunk line. Tongling Yangtze River Highway Bridge is close to the port area, and trunk lines such as Wuhan Copper, Hefei Copper, Brass and Antong meet on the bridge.
Since Tongling Port was opened to foreign ships in June, 5438+0994+0 1, the scale of foreign economy has been continuously expanded, and the foreign trade volume has reached more than 6,543,800 tons and more than 6,000 TEUs, ranking second in the province, which has effectively promoted the development of Tongling's open economy. The total import and export volume has increased from more than 30 million US dollars to 300 million US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 58%, and the ranking in the province has risen from the ninth to the third, which has created the vitality of the developing Tongling Port. In 200 1 year, the import and export volume of foreign trade reached 365,300 tons.
The Tongling Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attached great importance to this work and put forward the strategy of building Tongling into a "modern industrial and trade port city" in time, raising 654.38 billion yuan for port infrastructure construction. At present, according to the improvement of infrastructure construction, port inspection institutions, agents and transport service units are fully functional, and port efficiency has been improved year by year.
Anqing port is a water transport port based on Anqing port on the north bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 1982 1985, respectively, was approved by the state as the delivery point and loading and unloading point of national ship foreign trade transportation, and was approved as the first-class port of national ship foreign trade transportation by the State Council on June 1986. 1996 65438+1On October 4th, the State Council agreed to open Anqing Port to foreign ships, thus turning a new page in the development history of Anqing Port.
After 10 years of construction, the organization of Anqing Port is sound, and comprehensive management departments and inspection institutions such as Anqing Customs, entry-exit inspection and quarantine, frontier defense, port supervision, ship inspection and pilot station, as well as agency service units such as foreign agents, Sinotrans, domestic products, foreign agents, port companies, container companies and international seafarers' clubs have been established successively, providing convenient conditions and strong guarantee for the customs clearance of foreign trade ships and goods.
Anqing Port has complete infrastructure. The coastline is 12.8km long, and there are more than 60 berths in the port area with an annual throughput of 100000 tons, including three foreign trade berths10: Anqing Port and seven oil terminals of Anqing Petrochemical Complex. Anqing Port's foreign trade terminal includes international container terminal berth 1 berth and two general cargo terminal berths, with an annual handling capacity of 620,000 tons (including 65,438+10,000 tons of containers). The wharf is fully equipped with 25m 40t high platform crane, 10t gantry crane, 40t gantry crane with lifting capacity, 15t gantry crane, 15t floating crane, 16t wheeled platform crane, tractors, forklifts, etc. , which is integrated into the warehouse of the freight yard. The water depth at the wharf front is relatively slow, and ships of 3000-5000 tons can be docked all the year round. There are 3 berths, 3 10,000-ton berths, 3 5,000-ton berths and 3,000-ton berths/kloc-0 at the oil terminal of Anqing Petrochemical Complex, with an annual throughput of 7 million tons. There are 40 oil storage tanks near the wharf with a total capacity of 260,000 cubic meters. In addition, there are three tugboats specially used for tank farm operations. Petroleum products are transported by pipeline.
Anqing Port has developed from 1982 to a first-class port open to foreign ships, and from a single water transport to a three-dimensional transportation network of water (liner), land (truck) and air express, which not only greatly facilitates the import and export of foreign trade goods, but also improves the investment environment of Anqing and promotes the development of local export-oriented economy. At present, the city has approved 3 10 foreign-invested enterprises. The value of 200 1 foreign trade supply has exceeded 2 billion yuan. By the end of 20001,Anqing port * * * had completed more than 2 million tons of foreign trade and 7,000 TEUs of international containers. In 200 1 year, the foreign trade volume was 30,200 tons.
The achievements of Anqing Port have been fully affirmed by leaders at all levels. Anqing's export-oriented economy presents a good development trend, with the emergence of Anqing Petrochemical General Factory, Textile Factory, Tongcheng Hongruncheng, Anqing Hongqing Precision Machinery Co., Ltd., whose products are all exported, and an economic and technological development zone taking shape. At present, there are 259 projects in Anqing Development Zone with a total investment of 6 billion yuan, including 65 foreign-funded projects with a total investment of 452.56 million US dollars. There are 37 foreign-funded enterprises registered, with a total investment of/kloc-0.0046 million USD, a registered capital of 66.49 million USD and foreign investment of 36.87 million USD. The role of ports in promoting the development of export-oriented economy has already appeared.
Chizhou Port is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui, 50 kilometers below Tongling and 50 kilometers above Anqing. Chizhou Port is about 70 kilometers away from Jiuhua Mountain, one of the four major Buddhist resorts in China. 1992 1 1 The provincial government approved the opening of Chizhou Port as a second-class port. The maiden voyage ceremony of foreign trade transportation was held on June 1993. On June 17, "Qingchuan No.5" docked at Chizhou Port, loaded with 4,500 tons of dolomite and exported to Japan, realizing a breakthrough in foreign trade transportation in Chizhou Port. 1994 opened a direct shipping route to South Korea, which expanded the export trade of calcite. 1998 The second-class port of Chizhou Port passed the acceptance of the State General Administration of Customs. The annual import and export volume of Chizhou Port reaches 200,000 tons. The opening of Chizhou Port has created conditions for the development of container export business of Chizhou black tea, household machine tools, gas meters and smelting products. At present, Qingyang County and Guichi City in Chizhou area have 48 dolomite and calcite production sites with an annual production capacity of 2 million tons. Since 1993, Chizhou Port Authority has made great efforts to attract customers, actively organize goods supply and expand foreign trade volume. We have successively established good cooperative relations with Beijing CITIC Company and Anhui Minmetals Import and Export Corporation, providing quality services for suppliers and customers. Chizhou Port has gradually developed into an important export base of nonmetallic mineral products in China.
The opening of the port has promoted the development of Chizhou's foreign trade and transportation, and transformed rich resources into export commodities. In recent years, Chizhou Port has exported dolomite, calcite and cottonseed 1 10,000 tons. In 200 1 year, the import and export volume of Chizhou Port reached184,000 tons.
Since 1997, with the strong support of the provincial inspection authorities and the special approval of the Ministry of Communications, a number of foreign ships with flags of convenience have entered the port for loading, which has effectively supported the development of the local economy and laid a good foundation for the further opening up of Chizhou Port.
Chizhou Port, as the only second-class open port along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, has been included in the tenth five-year plan of national port opening.
At present, our province is actively striving to upgrade Hefei Airport to a first-class port open to foreign aircraft within this year and next, and upgrade Chizhou and Maanshan Port to a first-class port open to foreign ships.