First, recruit and protect green shell laying hens
It was bred by Lei Zhen Town, Yongding County, Fujian Province, Minxi Zhaobao Rare Bird Development Company. This kind of chicken is similar to Dongxiang green shell laying hens in Jiangxi province in bloodline. Hens have black feathers, black skin, black meat, black bones and a black crown. The first laying age 165- 170 days old, the first laying weight 1.05 kg, the number of eggs laid at 500 days old 135- 150, the average egg weight is 42-43 grams, and the proportion of green-shelled eggs in commercial chickens is 80%.
Second, Dongxiang Kuroha green shell laying hens
It is cultivated by dongxiang county Agricultural Institute of Jiangxi Province and Animal Husbandry Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Small size, high egg laying performance, strong adaptability, all black feathers, all black skin, all black bones, all black meat, all black internal organs, all black beak and toes. Hens have dense feathers, erect single crown, 5-6 crown teeth, big eyes with gods, light green ears, deep and thin meat, feathery, thin and short shin, and the adult weight is 1. 1- 1.4 kg. The rooster is vigorous and powerful, with a single crown, dark purple, 7-8 crown teeth, purple ear leaves, green neck feathers and tail feathers, and it weighs 1.4- 1.6 kg, showing a "V" shape. The proportion of commercial green shell eggs raised in large groups is about 80%. After five years and four generations of cultivation, this variety has the same appearance and high purity. Its paternal cock is often used to cross with laying hens to produce high-yield commercial substitute hens instead of green-shell laying hens. Most green-shell laying hens raised by farmers in China contain this kind of chicken blood. However, this variety has strong brooding ability (about 15%), so the egg laying rate is low.
Third, poplar green shell laying hens
Cultivated by Shanghai Xinyang Poultry Breeding Center. The paternal line comes from highly selected local breeds in China, and the maternal line comes from high-yield white-shell or pink-shell laying hens imported from abroad. It is bred by hybridization after combining ability determination, emphasizing laying performance as the main breeding goal. Commercial hens have white feathers, but most chickens have black spots; Single crown, most crowns and earlobes are red, and a few are black; About 60% hens have green feet and beaks, and the rest have yellow feet and beaks. The first laying age is 140 days (laying rate is 5%), and the laying rate is 162 days; Birth weight1.0-1.65,438+0 kg, 500-day-old hens lay 230 eggs, with an average egg weight of 50 grams. The color of eggshells is basically the same, and the egg rate of big green shells is 70%-75%.
Four or three yellow-green shell laying hens
It was bred by Jiangsu Poultry Research Institute (now Poultry Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). There are two strains, Huangyu and Kuroha, which are related to local varieties in China, namely, single crown, yellow beak, yellow leg and red ear. The age of delivery 155- 160 days, the delivery weight of hen 1.25 kg and cock 1.5 kg; The average egg weight at 300 days old is 45 grams, and the egg production at 500 days old is 180- 185, and the proportion of green shell eggs in parents' generation is about 97%. The proportion of green shell eggs in a large group of commercial chicken substitutes is 93%-95%. Adult cock weight 1.85- 1.9 kg, hen weight 1.5- 1.6 kg.
Five, three benefits green shell laying hens
It was bred by donghu district Sanyi Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., and its latest mating combination is to use Dongxiang Kuroha green-shell layer cock as male parent and imported pink-shell layer as female parent for mating. Ma Yu, Huang Yu and Kuroha account for 1/3 of commercial chickens, so the fast and slow feather identification method can be used for sex identification. Hen has a single crown, red ears, green legs, green beak and yellow skin; Age at first laying 150 ~ 155 days old, weight at first laying10.25 kg, average egg weight at 300 days old, egg production at 500 days old, the proportion of green shell eggs, and the weight of adult hens.
Six, Chang green shell laying hens
Originated in Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province. This breed of chicken is short in stature, compact in feathers, and untitled in feathers, which can be roughly divided into four types: white feather type, Kuroha type (except the red feather ring on the neck, all the other feathers are black), hemp feather type (hemp) and yellow feather type (with yellow skin and yellow feet at the same time). Small head, single crown red; The beak is short and slightly curved and yellow. The weight of adult cock is1.30 ~1.45kg, and that of adult hen is1.05 ~1.45kg. Some chickens have shin hair. The age of first laying is late, with an average of 1.82 days, the first laying weight of 1.25 kg, the average egg weight of 38.8 grams, the number of eggs laid in 500 days, the average egg weight of 5 1.3 grams, and the laying rate of about 10%.
Seven, Lushi chicken
It is the original variety of small eggs and small meat, which is produced in the mountainous area of Lushi County. The coat color of hens is mainly hemp, and that of cocks is mainly red and black. In the population census of 1980, there are 320,000 animals, mainly distributed in mountain communes such as Shiziping, and most of them are natural closed groups. Adult cock weight 1.7 kg, hen weight1. Average laying age 170 days, average laying number 1 10- 150. 3.6% of Lushi chickens' eggs are green shells, which is a rare genetic trait.
According to the investigation of 1998, there are 200,000 Lushi chickens in the society; Green shell eggs account for 1%. Through investigation and analysis, experts at the provincial, city and county levels agreed that the number of Lushi chickens decreased and the gene loss of green shell eggs was serious; Lushi mountain area has an ecological environment for producing green food. Green shell eggs have a good market prospect. Therefore, the breeding of Lushi chicken green shell egg line is not only beneficial to the protection of Lushi chicken, but also has good market development value, which transforms resource advantage into economic advantage and opens up a road for farmers in mountainous areas to get rich. In 2000, Lushi County established a breeding center. After organizing experts to demonstrate, the breeding objectives and technical routes were determined, and the breeding scheme and implementation methods were formulated. "Program" takes individual green-shell laying hens as materials, uses modern breeding technology, and plans to cultivate a homozygous strain of green-shell eggs after more than five generations of breeding, while continuously improving the egg production and uniformity of chickens. Using two lines to produce commodity generation, the green shell eggs will reach more than 90%, which will be popularized.
Eight, the old courtyard black-bone chicken
The terrain of chicken production area is complex, with an altitude of 500-2300m, annual rainfall of 894.2- 1672mm, frost-free period of 196-254 days, annual average temperature of 14.2- 15.4℃, and the highest temperature of 38.8℃. The forestland area is 28% and the grassland area is 24%, which is a good foundation for the development of chicken industry.
The old courtyard black-bone chicken is large, rectangular, with thick legs, compact body structure, rough feeding resistance, strong disease resistance, fast feather growth, and black feathers (♀ with grass green luster, ♂ some neck feathers, saddle feathers and tail feathers are red with Kuroha edge). According to the skin color, it can be divided into white and black, among which black-bone chicken has high medicinal value; According to the crown shape, it can be divided into two strains: single crown and soybean crown According to the color of eggshells, they can be divided into light brown and green.
The old courtyard black-bone chicken has a big muscle fat, tender meat and rich flavor. The average weight of six months old is 2225 grams, and the slaughter rate is 75%. The average weight was 65438 0.565g, and the slaughter rate was 765438 0.42%. One-year-old ♂ average weight 3 160.7g, clean-bore slaughter rate 79.24%, average weight 2604. 15g, clean-bore slaughter rate 66.97%.
Old yard black chickens raised in small groups in agricultural areas began to lay eggs at the age of 198 ~ 220 days, with an annual egg production of 85 ~ 128, with an average egg weight of 54.96g, ranging from 48g to 74g. The eggshell is thick and strong, and it is not easy to be damaged. Naturally hatched, the fertilization rate was 95. 15%, the hatching rate was 88.99% and the survival rate was 94%.
According to the investigation, experiment and research in poultry laboratory of Provincial Academy of Animal Husbandry over the years, the green shell egg character of Laoyuan Black-bone chicken is genetic, and the white shell character is dominant. The strength and thickness of the green shell of Laoyuan black chicken are significantly higher than that of Ross eggshell. The nutritional components of green-shell eggs of old-fashioned black-bone chicken are slightly higher than those of brown-shell eggs. Crossing the old courtyard black chicken with modern laying hens can greatly improve the laying performance and cultivate commercial green shell laying hens.
Some chickens can also lay green or blue-gray eggs, such as pheasants.