China's self-operated inland river shipping began in the 1970s 19. After the founding of the Republic of China, it developed further, but it suffered huge losses during its stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and failed to recover in the late 1940s. China has more than 5,000 rivers with a total length of over 420,000 kilometers.
China Merchants, which has a long history in shipping industry, was changed from national government to state-owned in 1930. Its predecessor was the Shipping Merchants Bureau founded by Li Hongzhang in 1872 (11th year of Tongzhi), which was the first private enterprise founded by the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty and the first shipping company in China.
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Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, inland river shipping has roughly experienced three stages of development:
① The recovery and rapid development stage of inland river shipping in 1950s: 1949. The navigable mileage of inland river in China is only 73,600 kilometers, and the annual freight volume is only over 25 million tons. From 1957 to144,000 kilometers, the inland river freight volume accounts for 13.4% of the domestic cargo turnover. By 196 1 year, the inland navigation mileage reached a record high, reaching172,000 km.
(2) In the 20 years after 1960s, inland navigation developed slowly. At this time, due to the comprehensive utilization of water resources, water conservancy, hydropower and shipping were equally important. By 1979, more than 1200 navigation dams had been formed on navigable rivers in China. In traffic construction, the railway is more important than the river, and the state's investment in inland river shipping has decreased, resulting in a large number of materials abandoning water and landing.
1979, the national inland navigation mileage was shortened to108,000 km, and the proportion of inland transportation in domestic material turnover decreased to 7%. Of the above sailing miles, only 8.7% ships can sail more than 300 tons all the year round; Only 4. 1.000 dwt ships can pass. The equipment is backward, the port throughput is lagging behind, the ship replaces the warehouse, and the port presses the ship. The actual navigation capacity of the ship is only 10%.
(3) Since 1980s, the development stage of vigorously rectifying inland river shipping and improving shipping capacity:
The main performances are as follows: compared with 1952, the passenger volume of 1983 increased by 7.9 times, and the passenger turnover increased by 5.4 times; The freight volume is 7.2 times and the cargo turnover is 9.3 times. By 1988, the annual freight volume of inland river shipping reached 376 million tons, and the passenger traffic was 2150,000, much higher than that in the 1950s.
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