265438+Wang Yuyan, an intern researcher in Shari, 20th Century Economic Research Institute, held the 10th meeting of the Central Committee of Finance and Economics on August 17, proposing to promote the prosperity of * * * with high-quality development. Perfecting the income distribution structure and realizing the equalization of public services is the meaning of realizing prosperity, and realizing all the people to live and live is one of the key intersections of the two.
Housing is related to people's livelihood and well-being. As one of the three main bodies of the housing security system, affordable rental housing has significant livelihood attributes. The development of affordable rental housing is of great significance to alleviate the structural supply shortage in the housing rental market, solve the housing difficulties of new citizens, young people and other groups, and promote the prosperity of * * *.
The development of affordable rental housing system focuses on big cities with net population inflow, and population mobility is highly correlated with GDP. Therefore, 2 1 Century Economic Research Institute takes the top ten cities in GDP in the first half of 20021as samples to investigate the development of affordable rental housing in key cities.
Solve the housing problem in big cities
The survey of assets and liabilities of urban households in China in 20 19 released by the central bank shows that the assets of urban households are mainly physical assets, of which housing accounts for nearly 70%; The participation rate of urban household debt is 56.5%, of which mortgage accounts for 75.9% of the total household debt. To a certain extent, housing expenditure accounts for the largest proportion of the factors affecting residents' income distribution.
Since 20 16 Central Economic Work Conference determined the industry keynote of "housing and not speculating", the livelihood attribute of real estate has become more and more obvious. Perfecting the housing supply and security system and realizing everyone's housing has become an important connotation to promote the equalization of basic public services and the prosperity of * * *.
According to the data of the seventh national census, in 2020, there will be nearly 493 million households separated, including nearly 376 million floating population, which has increased by nearly 70% in ten years and has become an important part of urban new citizens and youth. Comparatively speaking, the housing problem in big cities is more prominent. How to solve the housing difficulties of new citizens and young people in big cities and promote the integrated development of people, cities and industries is one of the key issues to improve the housing supply and security system at this stage. The development of affordable rental housing provides a new idea.
At the end of last year, the Central Economic Work Conference made it clear that we should solve the outstanding housing problems in big cities and attach great importance to the construction of affordable rental housing. This year, the two sessions clearly pointed out that it is necessary to effectively increase the supply of affordable rental housing and do our utmost to help new citizens and young people alleviate their housing difficulties. Later, in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference, the symposium of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the the State Council executive meeting and other documents and meetings, all related contents of affordable rental housing were involved.
On June 24th, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing, proposing to speed up the improvement of the housing security system with public rental housing, affordable rental housing and * * * property housing as the main body, and defining the top-level design of housing security system at the national level for the first time.
Affordable rental housing mainly solves the housing difficulties of eligible new citizens, young people and other groups, mainly small-sized houses with a construction area of not more than 70 square meters, and the rent is lower than that of rental housing in the same location and the same quality market. In terms of construction and operation, the government provides policy support, guides multi-subject investment and multi-channel supply, mainly uses collectively operated construction land, idle land of enterprises and institutions, supporting land of industrial parks and idle houses in stock, appropriately uses newly supplied state-owned construction land for construction, and reasonably supports commercial service facilities.
Affordable rental housing has solved the housing problem of "sandwich floor" in the city to a certain extent, and these people do not meet the standards of low-and middle-income families or the application conditions for public rental housing; Without high-income conditions, it is impossible to solve the housing problem by buying * * * property houses or commercial houses.
The above documents have a guiding role in the development of affordable rental housing, but the specific implementation depends on the localities. In the process of developing affordable rental housing, the city people's government bears the main responsibility and needs to do a good job in organizing and implementing affordable rental housing.
10 city focuses on solving housing problems.
Affordable rental housing belongs to policy housing. Before the State Council issued a document, the concept of affordable rental housing in some cities was not mature, but there were relevant arrangements for policy housing. 2 1 Century Economic Research Institute combed 10 Urban "Tenth Five-Year Plan" Outline and 20021Government Work Report, and found that all localities clearly proposed to solve outstanding housing problems and optimize and improve the housing security system.
Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Nanjing and other cities have clearly proposed to promote the construction of affordable rental housing. For example, in the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangzhou, it is proposed to increase the supply of affordable rental housing, list the land plan for rental housing separately, explore the use of collective construction land and idle land of state-owned enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and other enterprises and institutions to build rental housing, and support the transformation of non-residential housing into affordable rental housing. In the government work report of 20021,Nanjing clearly pointed out that it is necessary to improve the housing system with both rent and purchase, and improve the housing security system with the emphasis on affordable rental housing. 6.5 million square meters of affordable housing was newly started and 2.6 million square meters was completed, and 40,000 sets of affordable rental housing were raised.
In addition, in the 14th Five-Year Plan, Hangzhou regards the housing security project as one of the seven "* * * projects for common prosperity", which shows that solving the housing problem plays an important role in common prosperity. Hangzhou's 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to increase the construction and supply of affordable housing, continue to carry out pilot housing rental cultivation supported by the central government, and standardize the development of the housing rental market.
Although some cities do not explicitly point to the construction of affordable rental housing, the document involves relevant content. For example, in the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan, Beijing proposed to encourage the transformation of inefficient commercial projects, further promote the pilot of collective land rental housing, and constantly standardize and develop the housing rental market. In the outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan", Shanghai requires that the supply of rental housing should be increased by multi-agents and multi-channels, so as to give full play to the role of various market players and increase the supply of dormitory-type rental housing for urban basic service personnel. By 2025, there will be more than 400,000 rented houses (including rooms and dormitory beds).
Up to now, Shanghai and Guangzhou have successively issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" for urban housing development, and Chengdu has issued implementation opinions on accelerating the development of affordable rental housing, further stipulating the construction of affordable rental housing.
In the "14th Five-Year Plan" of housing development in Shanghai, rental housing is listed as the first key task, and it is proposed to speed up the effective supply of rental housing, increase the promotion of affordable rental housing, and give play to the role of affordable rental housing in serving the well-being. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, Shanghai plans to form more than 420,000 sets of rental housing (rooms and dormitory beds), accounting for 40% of the total housing supply. Among them, there are 220,000 rented houses and 200,000 dormitory beds.
In the "14th Five-Year Plan" of housing development in Guangzhou, the contents related to the construction of affordable rental housing are more detailed. On the basis of "the State Council's Opinions on Affordable Rental Housing", the number, channels, applicants and housing regulations have been expanded. For example, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, 600,000 sets of affordable rental houses (including talented apartments) will be prepared to effectively solve the problems of people in public service industries such as sanitation and public transportation, young people in key development industries, and migrant workers.
In 10 city, Chengdu took the lead in putting forward the implementation opinions on accelerating the development of affordable rental housing, and made clear the work objectives, applicants, rent standards, construction standards, land and financial support policies, and guarantee implementation of the development of affordable rental housing. In terms of rent, the rent of affordable rental housing in Chengdu is guided by the government, with an annual increase of no more than 5%. The rent concessions are subdivided according to the talents, housing and work units of the lessee.
Policies related to affordable rental housing in other cities are still being formulated, but some cities have made progress in construction planning and promotion. For example, Beijing is studying the access method of affordable rental housing, but it is clear that the income and assets of the applicants are not audited; Shanghai has raised the monthly withdrawal limit of provident fund for renters without housing, and made it clear that affordable rental housing should be "fully withdrawn"; Suzhou encourages real estate enterprises to use long-term rental apartments developed and built for affordable rental housing, and successfully promotes a number of projects.
Since the document of State-run indemnificatory rental housing has only been released for two months, the overall development planning and implementation of indemnificatory rental housing in most cities is still in the stage of investigation and preparation. How to define "qualified new citizens and young people", how to determine the specific standard of "the rent is lower than the rental housing rent in the same location and the same quality market", and whether there is a requirement for the length of residence, the strength of various policy support and specific programs still need to be refined.
2 1 Century Economic Research Institute believes that the development of affordable rental housing is one of the key systems to help the floating population, represented by new citizens and young people, achieve stable urban living. On the one hand, it is conducive to promoting all people to live and live, and achieving the goal of "housing and not speculating"; On the other hand, the relatively low rent level of affordable rental housing is also conducive to adjusting the income structure, alleviating the pressure of rising house prices, expanding the proportion of middle-income groups, and playing a dual role in promoting prosperity.