Brief introduction of Wang Xizhi (Eastern Jin Dynasty 303-36 1)? Book saint? . Shao Yi, whose name is Lian Zhai, was originally from Linyi (now Shandong) and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He is a right army general and a great calligrapher. The representative works are: Preface to Lanting, a Running Script; The cursive "Seventeen Posts"; Running script "Aunt Post", "Sunny Post in the Snow" and "Funeral Post"; Regular script "Le Yi Lun", "Huang Tingjing" and so on. It has the reputation of being the best running script in the world, and the words written are dignified and delicate, floating like clouds. Seriously study the physical situation, imitate the heart and pursue the hand, learn from others, melt and create in one furnace? Nature is to nature, rich in gods and generations? Run the script.
Wang Xizhi's masterpiece "Preface to Lanting" is Wang Xizhi's most important running script. In terms of techniques, it is almost perfect and has become a model of calligraphy in later generations. The best running script in the world? Fame. Wang Xizhi (303? 36 1) Shao Yi,No. Lian Zhai, originally from Linyi (now Shandong), moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and became a general of the right army. He was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was respected by later generations. Book saint? . His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call it? Two kings? The other son, from Guan Ju to Zuo, was a general, and Zuo used to be a right general. Wang Youjun? 、? Wang huiji? . Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting Collection in Running Script, etc.
This calligraphy is mainly based on brush strokes, with many exposed strokes, delicate expression and smooth and beautiful lines. The structure of Chinese characters is vertical, with low left and high right. The size of the word corresponds, the length alternates, and the virtual and the real are born together. There are rows in the layout, but there are no columns in the layout, and each row is swaying. The most precious thing is, from "Preface to Lanting"? Not excited or not excited? His style includes the author's skillful pen and ink skills, profound traditional skills, extensive cultural accomplishment and noble artistic sentiment, reaching the peak.
Wang Xizhi's writing famous history in Chinese characters, as a necessity of literati and a noble artistic behavior, has shown obvious social education function and temperament in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the era of Wang Xizhi, China's book culture was full of flowers, bright stars and talented people. At this time, if we talk about calligraphy skills and achievements, we can say that Wang Xizhi is only one of a hundred schools, even at a disadvantage from the beginning. Calligraphy? Can't you beat your wings? . It was not until a hundred years later that he became famous and became? Book saint? .
So, how did Wang Xizhi become eternal? Book saint? What about yours?
Jin people's respect for rhyme and new changes
Wang Xizhi loved calligraphy since childhood and was enlightened by his father Wang Kuang and his uncle Wang Biao. Influenced by his family's profound calligraphy since childhood, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy gained a high starting point. Wang Xizhi studied under Mrs. Wei in his early years. She taught Wang Xizhi the method of Zhong You, the method of learning calligraphy in Wei Dynasty, and her own calligraphy style and method. It can be said that Wang Xizhi freed himself from vulgarity, constantly surpassed others and himself, and gained a unique cultural vision with high standards.
Scholars moved south, leaning to the left of the Yangtze River. The four great scholars, Wang, Yu and Xie, all came from the northern gentry. This large-scale, large-span relocation of the elite as a whole has unexpectedly reduced the vast area of Han culture infiltration to Huaishui and the south of the Yangtze River (the territory is less than one-third of that of the Han Dynasty), and calligraphy art has encountered unprecedented concentration here.
Wang Xizhi is ambitious and creative. He learns from Zhong You, so he can change. He imitated Zhang Zhi consciously. Wang Xizhi's cursive script for Zhang Zhi? Analysis? 、? Compromise? , Zhong You's official script? Profit and loss? 、? Use? Is it ok for the calligraphy of the two masters? Study the essence and body potential? . Therefore, Wang Xizhi didn't dish mud and paint gourds at the feet of his predecessors, but used his heart and hands to make the ancients serve us, not sticking to the past and not looking back at the present. In his life, he exhausted all kinds of brushwork of Qin and Han seal script in the Expo, all of which were integrated into the real cursive script, forming the best posture of his time, bringing forth the new and opening up a new world for future generations. This is Wang Xizhi? Combine all the laws and prepare a family? Therefore, it is highly respected.
Learning from a hundred schools is extremely wonderful.
Wang Xizhi's exquisite calligraphy also impressed his contemporaries. At that time, the famous calligrapher Yi Hekui. Yiyi learned Wang Xizhi's calligraphy in Jingzhou, and disdainfully said: Children are cheap chickens and love wild owls. They all learned (Wang) from books, and I want to return them. ? Ji Liang asked Wang Xizhi for calligraphy, and Wang Xizhi said modestly. (a) the wings are there, so they are not fake! ? But I still wrote Cao Zhang to Liang Fan. One day, Yiyi saw Cao Zhang written by Wang Xizhi in the light and found that Wang Xizhi's calligraphy was getting better and better, so she was convinced and wrote to Wang Xizhi. I once had ten pieces of paper with Cao, but I got lost when crossing the river, and often lamented that the beautiful traces would never disappear. Suddenly, I saw the first step to write back to my brother. I was radiant and still old-fashioned. ?
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is permeated with the kind advocated by Wei and Jin Dynasties? If you don't motivate yourself, you will stay away. what's up Neutralization? The beauty of, and? Neutralization? This kind of beauty fits the spirit of China culture, making Wang's book style dominate the book world for more than 1,600 years. Wang Xizhi is extremely wonderful, and his main achievements are regular script and cursive script, especially cursive script. His calligraphy has the aesthetic characteristics of moist, superb and elegant. According to Zhang Yanyuan's Fa Shu, there are 465 kinds of works handed down from ancient times. Due to the change of dynasties and frequent wars, no original works have been handed down so far. What we can see now are mostly rubbings and engravings based on the original. Representative works include Le Yi Lun, Huang Tingjing and Dong Fangshuo Hua Zan. The running scripts include Preface to Lanting Collection, Sunny Post in the Snow, menstruation Post, Orange Post, Mourning Post, Confucius Post and Xiu Post. The cursive script includes seventeen posts, early month posts, running script and Yuan Huan posts.
The emperors respected him, and he was called a book saint.
Graduate student Wang Xizhi? Book saint? The history of fame shows that there have been three large-scale climaxes of learning Wang Xizhi's calligraphy in history. It is also the climax of learning from the king that has been praised by emperors again and again, which has gradually consolidated Wang Xizhi's eternal achievements? Book saint? The foundation of fame.
The first time I learned about Wang's climax was in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the main promoter was Yes. What was Liang Wudi's calligraphy ranking at that time? Wang Xianzhi? Wang Xizhi? Zhong you? Become? Zhong you? Wang Xizhi? Wang Xianzhi? . In Twelve Meanings of Zhong You's Calligraphy, Xiao Yanyun: It is not uncommon for a son to respect him, and it is not uncommon for him to escape less. ? Although Wang Xizhi still lags behind Zhong You, he has surpassed Wang Xianzhi, which is a great change. Xiao Yan's position makes his comments particularly attractive. In addition, Liang Yu Jianwu's Calligraphy is also listed as Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Up there? Therefore, public opinion has been decided.
During the period of Liang Wudi, some people imitated Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. At that time, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy hidden in the Forbidden City had been mixed with many fakes. On the one hand, Liang Wudi collated and appraised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy handed down from the previous dynasty to distinguish authenticity; On the other hand, he copied a lot of Mo Bao, which was regarded as the original, and provided it to the children of the royal family as a model for learning books. Ceng Yun, Liang Wudi: Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is like a dragon, and the tiger lies in the phoenix. It will be treasured from generation to generation and will always be the motto. This sentence later became an important basis for later generations to evaluate Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.
The climax of the second study of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy was in the Tang Dynasty, and the main promoter was Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong not only widely collected Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, but also personally wrote praises for the biography of Wang Xizhi in the Book of Jin. Through extensive comparison, what army did Emperor Taizong think was suitable? Perfect? ,? I am eager to pursue my hand, this person is like that, and the rest is like that. What's the point? ?
Preface to the Lanting Pavilion has always been a family heirloom of Wang. Later, the original work flowed to Sun Zhiyong, the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi, and Zhiyong was passed on to his disciples. It is said that Emperor Taizong asked Cai Bian for Preface to Lanting three times, but he denied it again and again. Later, Xiao Yi, who was resourceful, tricked him into showing the original Preface to Lanting, thus obtaining it and dedicating it to Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong got it and couldn't put it down. He ordered Chu Suiliang, Yu Shinan and Linyi, the great calligraphers at that time, to give them to Wang. Since then, it has spread. And he hid the original secret, refused to give up after death, and was buried in Zhaoling. Wang Xizhi's masterpiece has been handed down from generation to generation.
The third climax of learning from the king was in the Song Dynasty, and the main promoter was the emperor of the Song Dynasty for more than 300 years. Song Taizong people, who attached great importance to calligraphy, bought the ink of the ancient emperors and ordered them to be engraved on jujube boards, which were divided into ten volumes. This is the post of Chunhua Pavilion. At that time, every minister in North Korea got a rubbings. Chunhua Pavilion Post is the first famous French post in China, ranging from Emperor Gaozu Zhang to other famous ministers, half of which are works by Wang Xizhi. Emperor Gaozong also gave filial piety in Preface to Lanting Collection, and wrote in the postscript:? Five hundred copies must be submitted in turn. ? Filial piety calligraphy and Gaozong calligraphy are not easy to distinguish, not without reason. Because the emperors in Song Dynasty attached great importance to Wang Xizhi and the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, every scholar-bureaucrat carved stones from the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion. Only Prime Minister You Shi collected hundreds of versions of the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion. This is a unique phenomenon in the history of calligraphy.