Insurance demanders mainly include:
(1) individual
Individuals often encounter various risks in their daily work and life. The existence of natural disasters and accidents not only makes their property likely to suffer losses, but also poses a certain threat to their lives and health. At the same time, personal misfortune will also have a negative impact on family and friends and interfere with people's normal life order. Based on this, in order to ensure the stability of their own and family life, individuals objectively have a purchase demand for insurance as a means of risk transfer and become potential buyers of insurance goods.
(2) Enterprises
An enterprise is an economic entity that operates independently and is responsible for its own profits and losses under the conditions of market economy. If an enterprise wants to be in an invincible position in the fierce competition, it must predict and deal with all possible situations that the enterprise faces. The objective existence of natural disasters and accidents will undoubtedly hinder the normal and sustainable operation of enterprises, and by purchasing insurance, enterprises can transfer the risks they face to insurance companies, so that even if they are affected, they can get timely compensation, so as to continue their production and operation. Therefore, enterprises also have insurance demand and become potential buyers of insurance goods.
2. Insurance providers
There are many forms of suppliers of insurance goods, but there are only two basic forms according to the legal ownership form.
(1) government insurance company
Refers to the insurance institutions invested and operated by the government, but not necessarily directly operated by government agencies. Sometimes, the state can also stipulate a certain group as the main body of insurance business by law, which can also be called indirect state-owned insurance, such as export insurance handled by Japan Export Bank and Japanese health insurance portfolio. At present, this form is also practiced in European countries, especially Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and other countries. All of them are government investments, which belong to the organizational form of the state specializing in insurance. In order to implement the insurance nationalization policy, developing countries have also set up national state-owned insurance companies. For example, there are five state-owned insurance companies in India and three in Egypt.
(2) Private insurance companies
Private insurance institutions. According to business purposes, private insurance companies are divided into for-profit insurance companies and cooperative insurance companies. The former is to operate insurance in order to obtain profits, while the latter is to operate insurance in order to promote the interests of the insured. Article 69 of China's Insurance Law stipulates that an insurance company shall adopt the organizational form of a joint stock limited company or a wholly state-owned company. Joint-stock insurance company is an insurance company established and operated with shareholders' capital contribution, aiming at shareholders' profit. The company makes profits by selling insurance, using funds and investing in Song with operating surplus. After deducting operating expenses, reserves and dividends from some life insurance policies from the company's operating income, all the profits shall be enjoyed by shareholders. When the company loses money in underwriting or investment, the shareholders are responsible, but the shareholders are limited to the debts owed by the company, that is, limited to the amount of shares he invested, and do not include all his private property.
3. Insurance intermediary
An insurance intermediary is a person who is between the insurer and the insured, urges both parties to reach an insurance contract or assists in the performance of the insurance contract.
In the insurance market, insurance demanders have the requirement of transferring risks and want to buy insurance; Insurance suppliers have the supply to meet this demand and can provide insurance products. In the early stage of the development of the insurance market, buyers and sellers of insurance policies are generally directly involved in the transaction. However, with the continuous development of the insurance industry, the original direct communication between buyers and sellers can no longer meet the needs of increasingly complex underwriting technology and fierce market competition. In the real insurance supply and demand market, due to the particularity of insurance products, the sales of insurance policies are jointly carried out by insurers and policyholders, involving a series of links such as offer, acceptance, payment and signing. Faced with this complicated process, insurance companies need to use intermediaries to promote insurance, and policyholders can choose insurance with intermediaries. The intermediary power of the insurance market arises from this.
Insurance intermediaries connect insurers and policyholders by providing services to buyers and sellers of insurance policies, and establish insurance contractual relationships. According to the different service scope and service objects, insurance intermediaries can be divided into insurance agents who solicit and sell business on behalf of insurers and provide various auxiliary services; An insurance broker who chooses insurance on behalf of the interests of the insured and the insured; There are also loss adjusters who accept the entrustment of the insurer or the insured and objectively engage in insurance survey, claim settlement and loss assessment.
Legal basis:
People's Republic of China (PRC) insurance law
Article 10 An insurance contract is an agreement between the applicant and the insurer to stipulate the insurance rights and obligations.
The applicant refers to the person who has entered into an insurance contract with the insurer and has the obligation to pay the insurance premium according to the contract.
An insurer refers to an insurance company that has entered into an insurance contract with the applicant and is liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits according to the contract.
Article 117 An insurance agent is an institution or individual that accepts the commission from the insurer and handles insurance business on its behalf within the scope authorized by the insurer.
Insurance agencies include professional insurance agencies specializing in insurance agency business and part-time insurance agencies engaged in insurance agency business.
Article 118 An insurance broker is an institution that provides intermediary services for the applicant to conclude an insurance contract with the insurer based on the interests of the applicant, and collects commissions according to law.