In 2007, Australian science and technology continued to advance actively and steadily: the government formulated and implemented some major policies that will have an important impact on the direction of national science and technology development; Various scientific and technological plans have been implemented and achieved remarkable results; The content and space of international scientific and technological cooperation activities have been further expanded; Scientists have produced many new important scientific and technological achievements, and the development trend has been affirmed and praised by most people in the industry.
1. Main policy trends
Climate change has attracted worldwide attention.
2007 can be said to be the year of climate change in Australia. As the largest country in per capita energy consumption and energy export in the world, Australia refused to join the Kyoto Protocol for political and economic reasons, and was willing to bear great pressure from the international community. At home, different political and academic groups have different positions on climate issues and are arguing endlessly. On the one hand, the government recognizes the importance of reaching an international agreement on climate change, on the other hand, it claims that the global impact of climate change is still being studied and there is no conclusion; A study by the Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics believes that climate warming is "friendly" and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The opposition Labor Party and many environmental protection organizations resolutely oppose the government's position; Studies by the Australian Federation of Science and Technology and the Australian Meteorological Administration believe that climate change has brought negative impacts on Australia's economy and ecology. If greenhouse gas emissions cannot be reduced as soon as possible, Australia will pay a heavy price.
Recently, the government, represented by Premier Howard, has loosened its stance on climate change. The following is the development of the government's climate policy in the past year. What will happen in the future, we will wait and see.
① Advocating "Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate"
From June 5438+1October1day to June 5438+02, 2007, the first ministerial meeting of the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate was held in Sydney. Senior officials from all member countries China, India, Japan, South Korea, the United States and the host country Australia were invited to attend the meeting. In his opening speech, Premier Howard said that Australia has invested A $654.38+0.8 billion to tackle climate change, including A $500 million for research and development of low-emission technologies and A $200 million for renewable energy technology projects. Howard announced that the Australian government will invest another A $65,438 billion in the next five years to support clean development projects and capacity building, and play Australia's role in the "Partnership Plan".
② Develop emission reduction technologies and clean energy.
Vigorously invest in the in-depth research and development and promotion of clean coal.
Show the new concept of solar energy-gas mode
Building a solar city
The thermal rock power plant is ready.
Victoria builds wind power plants and solar power plants.
Queensland advocates the concept of "zero emission" and conducts a feasibility study.
(3) No wind was released to develop nuclear power.
Australia has 40% of the world's proven uranium reserves, and all the mined uranium is exported, accounting for nearly 1/3 of the world's output, with an annual income of about 600 million Australian dollars. However, Australia has not yet established its own nuclear fuel processing facilities and nuclear power plants.
Whether Australia will eventually develop nuclear power will be known after the 2008 general election.
(4) At the end of the year, the tone has loosened.
⑤ Future policy wait and see.
(2) Research methods of therapeutic cloning.
(3) The Prime Minister's Committee on Science, Engineering and Innovation (PMSEIC) pays attention to China and India.
2. Implementation and development trend of major science and technology plans
(1) Study the release of quality framework system (RQF) model.
(2) E-research has been put into practical application.
(3) Double investment in national cooperative research infrastructure strategy.
(4) The cooperative research center is progressing smoothly.
(5) The chief scientist changed hands.
(6) Queensland will become another technology center in Australia.
3. Development status and trend of high-tech fields, especially the advantageous fields.
(1) Biomedical technology is developing rapidly.
① Cervical cancer vaccine came out.
② The human trial of AIDS vaccine began.
③ Preliminary human trials of avian influenza virus vaccine.
④ The gene detection technology of breast cancer has been improved.
(5) stem cell technology for breast.
⑥ Professor China discovered a new method to treat cancer.
⑦ The research and development of new drugs for cancer treatment has entered the final stage.
Stem cells successfully treat heart disease.
Pet-name ruby triple organ transplantation was successful.
Approved by the human deep freezing center.
(1 1) Draw a "virtual map" of sheep genome.
(2) Nano and new materials are highly valued.
① Revolutionary breakthrough of oil-water separation technology
② Study the dangers of nanotechnology.
③ New building materials have excellent performance.
(4) The new technology of titanium metal manufacturing was successfully tested for the first time.
⑤ Find a method to screen elastin from arthropods.
(3) The supersonic engine breaks through the traditional limit.
(4) China was a genius who won the Nobel Prize in Mathematics.
(5) The Prime Minister rewards outstanding scholars.
(6) The meaning is still unfinished
4. International scientific and technological cooperation plans or actions
(1) The special funds for scientific and technological cooperation between Australia and China will quadruple again.
The Australia-China Science and Technology Cooperation Special Fund was jointly established by the Australian Ministry of Education, Science and Training (formerly the Australian Ministry of Industry, Science and Resources) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology in 2000. In 2002, the two sides formally started to implement the project, and each invested a maximum of 654.38+500,000 RMB per year to support the exchange and mutual visits of scientific researchers. In 2003, Australia and China decided to increase the funding amount to 500,000 Australian dollars (equivalent to 3 million RMB) per year. In April 2007, julie bishop, Minister of Education, Science and Training of Australia, and Xu Guanhua, Minister of Science and Technology of China, jointly announced in Beijing that their respective funding amounts would be increased to 2 million Australian dollars (equivalent to RMB 6,543,800+0.2 million). Therefore, Australia-China scientific and technological cooperation will be carried out in a wider field and at a deeper level.
(2) Scientific and technological cooperation with the United States, Indonesia, France, India and South Africa.
(3) Signing a memorandum of understanding with the United States on counter-terrorism intelligence and technology.
(4) Australia-Pacific Island Institute of Technology