At present, two legions and four sects have been formed, but the general lack of international competitiveness is the main obstacle.
Speaking of multinational companies, some people will mention General Electric, Nokia, Hewlett-Packard, Bayer, Boeing and so on, and tell us a lot. But when it comes to multinational companies in China, many people may have some questions: What are the multinational companies in China? What are the multinational companies in China?
According to the statistics of authoritative departments, China enterprises have set up more than 6,200 enterprises overseas, with a total foreign investment of 7.4 billion US dollars, covering more than 60 countries and regions in the world. China has become the largest foreign investor in developing countries.
Li Yongjun, deputy director of the Development Department of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, said that some large China enterprises that went abroad earlier have been expanding their business scope and scale in the past 20 years of overseas operations and international competition, and gradually developed into large multinational enterprise groups involving multiple industries and regions.
At sunrise, the East Multinational Corporation rises, and the Second Army is ready to go.
According to the definition of the United Nations Research Center on Transnational Corporations, transnational corporations refer to all enterprises with assets in two or more countries, including factories, mines, sales and other commercial organizations. Typical multinational companies are large manufacturers, oligopolies, with sales of hundreds of millions of dollars and subsidiaries scattered in several countries.
According to this standard, China International Trust & Investment Company is called "the first multinational company in China" by overseas media. 1984, CITIC invested 40 million yuan to establish Xilin Company in the United States. 1986, Xilin Company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CITIC by purchasing the shares of the other party. This is the first overseas direct investment by CITIC Company and China Company. Since then, CITIC has set up dozens of enterprises in the United States, Canada, Australia, Thailand, China and Hongkong, and developed into a diversified multinational enterprise group focusing on the financial industry. Since then, China Chemical Import and Export Corporation, Shougang Group Corporation, COSCO Group, Bank of China and many other large state-owned enterprises with the prefix "China" have also begun to "test the water" in the international market through capital mergers and acquisitions. Together with CITIC, they developed into the first batch of multinational companies in China.
In the late 1990s, the overseas direct investment of China enterprises entered a period of vigorous development, and a number of new multinational companies were formed. This is because, after 20 years of reform and opening up, China has formed a number of internationally competitive industries, such as home appliances and motorcycles. When the domestic market is saturated, they have to boldly go to the international market to find food. Moreover, the Asian financial crisis of 1997 made the RMB appreciate relatively, and the "table gambling" of China enterprises' transnational operations decreased, which also provided a rare opportunity for China enterprises' overseas development.
One of the most representative is Haier Group. Haier began to implement the international development strategy from 1998. At present, there are 8 overseas trading companies in the world. In the United States, Italy, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Nigeria and other countries and regions, 12 production plants have been established, and 10 plants are under construction. "City Brothers" Hisense Group has initially formed a global giant, with seven overseas subsidiaries in South Africa, Brazil, Indonesia, the United States, Japan and other countries, and invested US$ 3.745 million to establish a joint venture factory in South Africa, in addition to investing US$ 6.5438+0 million in Indonesia to jointly build a TV production factory.
Since "Qingdao Erhai Lake" bravely went abroad, their old rivals in China are naturally unwilling to lag behind. Shenzhen Konka Group invested 9 million US dollars to set up a joint venture in India to produce color TV sets, refrigerators, audio-visual and communication products, and also invested in factories in Mexico and Indonesia.
Guangdong TCL Group invested US$ 6,543,800,000 to establish a color TV production plant in Vietnam, with an annual production capacity of 500,000 sets, accounting for 654.38+00% of Vietnam's market share. In addition, a joint venture factory has been established in India, accounting for 7% of the local market share. Guangdong Kelon Group is currently establishing production enterprises in Malaysia and India. Chunlan and Changhong are also actively exploring overseas bases. At the same time, they gave birth to a number of multinational companies in the home appliance industry for China, which may not have been thought of by themselves.
In recent years, this situation has repeatedly appeared in the motorcycle industry. Jincheng Group, chongqing lifan Hongda, Longxin, Zongshen and other enterprises have settled in other countries, trying to promote and expand the product market.
It is understood that the "second army" of these multinational companies in China is mainly concentrated in the fields of machinery, electronics and clothing such as light industry, textiles and household appliances; Most of the investors are domestic production enterprises with strong strength and certain credibility; Investment methods are mainly equipment and mature technology; Most of the projects are concentrated in countries and regions with good investment environment and stable political situation, especially developing countries such as Asia and Africa.
Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea China Multinational Corporations can be divided into four schools.
In the past 20 years, although more and more China enterprises have jumped the queue overseas, according to the nature of business operations, China multinational companies can be roughly divided into the following four schools:
1, a large number of Chinese-prefix state-owned enterprises are the forerunners and main forces of China enterprises' overseas operations. For example, China Petroleum invested in seven overseas exploration and development projects, 1 oil refining project and 1 pipeline project, with a total investment of 654.38+05.6 billion yuan by the end of 2000. Sinochem has chemical plants in the United States and Thailand, insurance companies in Britain, 1 15 marketing companies in more than 30 countries, and so on.
2. Large productive enterprise groups and emerging high-tech companies. Because they have relatively mature production technology and certain research and development capabilities; There is a huge production base and sales network in China; There are obvious competitive advantages in capital, technology, talents, market and management, so overseas operation started late, but it is expanding overseas at a faster speed. Lenovo group is one of the best. There are scientific research institutions in Silicon Valley in the United States, and more than 20 branches in the United States, Canada and Britain. In addition, Shenzhen Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. has also built Hong Kong Hutchison Telecommunications Network, Kenya National Intelligent Network and Thailand Mobile Intelligent Network. We have established market branches in more than 40 countries around the world, and invested US$ 80 million to establish two joint ventures in Brazil and Russia.
3. Large financial and insurance companies. These companies are well funded, provide professional services, have a good reputation and operate on a large scale. Among them, Bank of China has the fastest development-by the end of 1997, BOC Group had set up more than 500 branches in more than 20 countries and regions, with nearly 20,000 overseas employees and total overseas assets exceeding17 billion US dollars.
4. Private enterprises in China. Although there are not many private enterprises going abroad now, some very successful cases can still be found. Dongfang Group has 12 overseas enterprises, which are located in Russia, the United States, Spain, Japan and other places. Delong Group has three enterprises and sales networks in the United States and Europe. There are also some powerful private enterprises, such as Yuanda Group, New Hope Group and Shanghai Zijiang Group, which have also actively explored the international market and become a new force in transnational operations. The successful examples of those private enterprises that have risen rapidly in the international market show that they will inevitably become the main force of China's future capital export.
China's multinational companies are in the initial stage and cannot compete with internationally renowned multinational companies, but they have broad prospects and great potential!
Multinational companies have appeared in China, but we should also be soberly aware that there is still a considerable gap between these companies and internationally powerful multinational companies. At present, multinational companies in China mainly invest in joint ventures, and their overseas business focuses on trade. The technical level of overseas investment is low, and the regional choice of transnational operation is mainly the surrounding developing countries and regions.
Compared with developed countries, the scale of foreign investment of China enterprises is relatively low, and most of them are mainly small and medium-sized projects, with insufficient development potential. Moreover, the investment area is relatively concentrated and the ability to resist risks is poor.
At the same time, the business scope of overseas enterprises in China is mainly trade-oriented and resource-oriented, accounting for more than 60% of China's total foreign investment, while the combined production-oriented overseas enterprises and resource-developed overseas enterprises only account for more than 30% of the total foreign investment. Third, the benefits are poor. Most overseas enterprises are just windows and reception stations at home and abroad, so it is difficult to carry out business and the benefits are not good. According to incomplete statistics, 55% of overseas enterprises in China are profitable, most of which are unproductive enterprises; The balance of payments accounts for 28%; Loss-making enterprises account for 17%, mostly productive enterprises. This is in stark contrast to the dominant position and huge scale of industrial enterprises in multinational companies around the world. All these indicate that China's multinational companies are still in the initial stage of internationalization of enterprises in developing countries.
However, the prospect of multinational companies in China is still very broad. Chen Qingtai, deputy director of China the State Council Development Research Center, said that China's sustained economic growth for 20 years gave birth to the genes for the growth of multinational companies. In the process of economic globalization and fierce international competition, China Company will develop into a modern multinational enterprise group with international competitiveness, international management and technical level.