What's the difference between a holding company and a shareholding company?

Generally speaking, holding refers to owning a majority stake in the invested enterprise, in which the majority stake can refer to an absolute majority (greater than or equal to 50%) or a relative majority (the shareholding ratio may be less than 50%, but it is still the party holding the most shares among all shareholders); However, equity participation only means investment in the invested enterprise, without highlighting the equity ratio and whether it has control or actual influence.