First, the analysis of the main factors affecting the operation of waterworks
1. Weak management, low water quality qualification rate and water supply guarantee rate.
(1) The managers of waterworks are not aware of hygiene. Most water plant leaders and water supply managers have a weak sense of hygiene, indifferent concept of hygiene legal system, inadequate hygiene management, and low rate of holding health certificates.
(2) Water quality detection and monitoring are not in place. At present, there are few water quality tests in many water plants, and water quality tests are mainly entrusted to engineering management units. Water quality monitoring has not been carried out, and there are hidden dangers in water quality safety. In addition, the responsibilities of water quality testing and monitoring of relevant departments are absent, so it is difficult to carry out water quality testing and monitoring according to the specifications.
(3) The equipment, pipe network and facilities of waterworks lack daily maintenance. Equipment, pipe network, facilities and other factors will have an impact on water quality. In particular, some water supply pipes, such as thin-walled stainless steel pipes, aluminum-plastic composite pipes, PPR pipes, etc., are easy to pollute the water quality if they are used for a long time without routine maintenance. In addition, if the water consumption is small and the water circulation is insufficient, it may form "stagnant water", breed microorganisms and change the water quality. If the awareness of sanitation and safety in waterworks is insufficient, there are problems in maintenance and disinfection products replacement, or the backwater directly flows back to the water storage tank without disinfection, it will cause hidden dangers of water quality and sanitation.
(4) failing to purify and disinfect as required. At present, some water plants lack disinfection treatment of water supply, most of them do not use disinfection equipment or use it irregularly, the quality of disinfection personnel is not high, disinfection knowledge is not enough, and disinfectants are added at will, which leads to the chlorine dioxide content in factory water and peripheral water not reaching the standard, and the disinfection purpose is not achieved, and the health and safety risks are outstanding.
2. Without a reasonable water price system, the role of water resources allocation cannot be effectively played. Up to now, water resources fees have not been levied in some areas, and the state's ownership of water resources has not yet been realized; In areas where water resources fees have been levied, the collection standards are generally low, and the unified national collection and management measures have not been formulated, and the fees have not been charged at full cost; The nature of some water resources is not clear, and it is difficult to standardize the formulation and implementation of water price system; Without the establishment of water resources value accounting system and scientific calculation method, the collection standard is difficult to be reasonable, which further affects the optimal allocation of water resources and water conservation.
3. Lack of talent reserve and technical reserve. At present, some water plants lack professional and high-quality management talents, especially some poor provinces, cities and counties, and are facing the dilemma of insufficient management talents. As a result, many professional operation problems such as equipment maintenance in waterworks can not be solved in time, and daily maintenance work can not be completed in time as required, which affects the normal operation of the project. Sometimes there is even a "short-circuit water supply" to supply untreated raw water; Technology is a key factor in the operation of modern enterprises, but at present, many water plants are seriously short of technical reserves. If there is a lack of technical management personnel, some technicians are in water treatment technology, disinfection, water treatment and so on; The lack of engineering design talents in waterworks makes many projects need to be designed by formal design institutes, which is not only too expensive, but also because some designers don't know the specific waterworks projects, the factors considered in the design will be lacking, and it is difficult to complete the designed waterworks projects.
2. Suggestions on how to strengthen the operation and management of waterworks are as follows.
1. Strengthen the technical guidance and review on the planning, design and construction of water supply projects in waterworks. The whole water supply project planning and design can be divided into three parts: water intake, water purification and water transmission and distribution. The planning and design of water supply system is very complicated, involving many factors such as urban overall planning, hydrology, hydrogeology, topography and geology, water quality, economy and technical environment. The energy consumption of water intake, transmission and distribution accounts for about 70-80% of the energy consumption of the whole system. Therefore, we should strengthen the planning and design of water supply project in waterworks, systematically optimize the water supply project, conduct professional technical guidance and review in the whole project design process, and reasonably determine the water supply scale and water production technology of waterworks.
2. Establish the operation system of waterworks and formulate practical operation procedures. Establish and improve the post responsibility system of stationmaster, water supplier of water supply station, well manager of water supply station, financial personnel of water supply station and keeper of water supply station. Strengthen the maintenance of pipe network, make records of water plant operation, and collect and sort out water plant files.
3. Strengthen water source protection and water quality monitoring, and conscientiously do a good job in water quality management of water plants. Regularly analyze and test the water quality of the water source, do a good job in quality inspection, inspect all kinds of raw materials and spare parts, strictly control, formulate control standards for each process of water production and each control point of the water plant, and conduct regular inspection according to the standards; Strengthen the quality management of waterworks, implement target management, and formulate the policies, objectives and implementation plans of waterworks; Formulate and standardize various rules and regulations, process documents, management documents and operating procedures; Grasp the quality information, improve the quality of work, and timely and accurately grasp the quality information inside and outside the water plant by using the forms of "water quality analysis record form", "water plant operation form", "abnormal situation analysis form", "user return visit form" and "quality analysis meeting"; The total number of bacteria, coliform bacteria, free residual chlorine and turbidity should be detected daily; The above four indicators of the water quality inspection point of the pipe network should be tested once a month; Water plants with daily water supply of more than 5000 cubic meters must set up their own laboratory facilities to complete the detection of the above four routine indicators; The setting of sampling points for water quality testing shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB5749-85 "Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water"; Carry out process equipment reform and technological innovation. Only by conscientiously doing the above work, grasping the changing trend of water quality in time and taking corresponding measures to ensure the quality and safety of water supply in the waterworks can we ensure the water quality of the waterworks, provide users with high-quality drinking water, create better economic benefits for the waterworks and open up a new future for the waterworks.
4. Seriously implement the qualification standards of waterworks. The qualification standard of water supply units is the guarantee of operation, and the qualification of water supply units is generally divided into different grades. The first-class qualification standard, that is, the highest standard, refers to the requirements of the first-class water supply company in the "Technical Progress and Development Plan of Urban Water Supply Industry in 2000" by the Ministry of Construction, involving nine requirements such as water supply scale, personnel quality, standardized service content, water supply scale, water source management, water purification technology, water supply quality, service pressure and production safety. Among them, the scale of water supply, the qualified rate and testing ability of water supply quality, the quality of personnel and the consolidation rate of standardized services are the basic terms. According to the qualification grade declared by the water plant, the water plant with an evaluation score of 80 points or above (including 80 points) is approved. Therefore, it is suggested that trade associations should carry out grading qualification certification, on-the-job training and assessment for waterworks.
5. Establish a reasonable water price system. Water price is the most important research content of water resources management at home and abroad, and China's water price system has also changed from a valuable market to a low price, and gradually changed to commodity water price, water right and water market. At present, the water price mechanism based on the maximization of social welfare is the policy orientation of China's water price system reform, and it is also an effective way to solve the problems of water shortage and poverty. Therefore, the water plant should calculate the cost of water supply according to the regulations and charge after being approved by the price department. As the waterworks are operated as enterprises, it is necessary to do a good job in cost accounting, adopt flexible water prices, distinguish different departments, different regions, different hydrological years and seasons, different water quality, surface water and groundwater, and bear the water price, adhere to the principle of water conservation and reasonable charges, and take the road of diversified management of self-maintenance and self-development. On the basis of energy saving and cost reduction, implementing full-cost water price is the key to operation.
6. Strengthen the training and assessment of operation management personnel to provide strong human technical support for the operation of water plants. Waterworks should be based on the principle of streamlining and high efficiency, set up posts according to the situation, conduct corresponding training and assessment, participate in training courses for water plant operation and management personnel in stages, and work with certificates. Water plant operation management personnel must also go to the health department for health examination and obtain a health certificate.
7. Increase publicity for water passengers. According to the actual situation, carefully arrange publicity work and educate the masses to establish a scientific concept of water use; It is necessary to widely publicize the water resources situation in China through various channels and ways, advocate a safe and scientific water-saving lifestyle, expose the waste of water resources, and constantly improve the public's awareness of water resources hardship and conservation; In particular, it is necessary to widely publicize water use among teenagers, create a social atmosphere of safe water use, drinking water sanitation, water source protection and water conservation, strive to achieve harmony between people and water, and promote social and economic sustainable development.
8. Establish a reward and punishment system for waterworks operation. Individuals and collectives who intentionally destroy water sources, pipe networks and waterworks shall be ordered to restore and fined. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be investigated for legal responsibility and rewarded for reporting sabotage.
Three. Concluding remarks
To sum up, to do a good job in the operation and management of waterworks, it is necessary to do a good job in planning and design, operation system, water source protection and water quality management, qualification standards, water price system, training of waterworks operation management personnel, publicity and punishment system of waterworks operation, etc. To ensure that we can provide users with safe and high-quality water, improve the economic and social benefits of the waterworks, make full use of water resources and make the waterworks sustainable.