Recently, it was reported that the guarantee company was caught in a wave of bankruptcy. Let me tell you the specific reason.
For Li Lin (a pseudonym), a department manager with four years' working experience in a guarantee company, the news came off guard. 20 15, 12, 14 at 3 pm, a colleague told him on the phone that the boss owed money and ran away!
He repeatedly confirmed with some disbelief, then called the boss and found that the phone was turned off.
On October 22nd, 65438/KLOC-0, Li Lin told reporters: "I didn't expect to do it in this way." "The company's compensation is only about 30 million, which is not high according to the leverage ratio."
Li Lin told reporters that the company's guaranteed capital is 300 million yuan. According to the enlargement regulation of guarantee company 1: 10, the company can guarantee a loan of 3 billion yuan, and the compensation of about 30 million yuan only accounts for 1% of the guarantee fund, which has not reached the level of "impossible" in the industry.
However, the next morning, he rushed to the company to see that a group of creditors had surrounded the company's top management and demanded the principal and interest of more than 300 million private equity funds raised by the company. At this time, Li Lin and the company staff knew that the company had raised more than 300 million yuan in the name of issuing "private equity funds". "It is estimated that there will be more. After occupying his own assets, the boss ran away. "
The capital chain is broken, the boss runs away, loses bankruptcy, and is self-sufficient ... Recently, many people in the guarantee industry reported to reporters that private guarantee companies frequently "closed down" and almost fell into a state of "not transforming and waiting for death"; The profitability and salary of state-owned guarantee companies are also not optimistic.
The reporter combed the public data and found that as of 20 14 and 12, there were 7898 financing guarantee companies in China, with a balance of 2.74 trillion yuan; Compared with 20 12, the number of financing guarantee companies in China is 692.
"quasi-financial institutions such as guarantees, small loans and trusts do business similar to banking, but they do not have a perfect supervision system like banks." 65438120, Zheng Lanxiang, a professor at the School of Economics of Anhui University, said in an interview that there are many irregularities in the operation of guarantee companies, such as poor risk control ability and a large proportion of pursuing high returns and high risks. With the expansion of the debt scale of some non-financial enterprises in China, financial derivatives such as guarantee companies have been hit, and there have been "running away" and "closing down" phenomena.
The capital chain breaks and runs frequently, and many guarantee companies are in a "semi-closed" state
Li Lin, the department manager of a private guarantee company with a registered capital of 200 million yuan in Central China, was hit by "the boss ran away" at the end of 65438+February last year.
In fact, Li Lin's "encounter" is not an isolated case, and a cold winter in the guarantee industry is sweeping the country.
65438+ 10 13, the person in charge of a state-owned guarantee company in Heilongjiang Province told the reporter that at present, local private guarantee companies are in a state of "only closing but not opening", and some guarantee companies are disposing of the debtor's mortgage assets to make up for the funds that customers are forced to make up.
According to the statistics released by Anhui Province, as of 20 15 and 10, there were 353 financing guarantee institutions in Anhui Province, while at the end of 20 16, there were 404 financing guarantee companies in Anhui Province, which decreased to 386 by the end of 20 12, with a total of 686.
Wang Chao (pseudonym), who jumped from a guarantee company to a wealth investment company, told reporters that from the second half of 20 14, the capital chain of guarantee companies, especially private guarantee companies, broke, the boss ran away, and compensatory bankruptcy gradually appeared, reaching a climax in 20 15. Wang Chao predicted that the situation would get worse on 20 16.
Li Lin said that the "bankruptcy tide" not only swept small and medium-sized private companies. According to his understanding, a private guarantee company in the industry, whose insurance coverage exceeds 2.5 billion yuan in 20 13, ranks in the top ten in the local area, and is currently entangled in lawsuits and suspended its business.
When the reporter inquired about the private guarantee company mentioned by him, he found that the company was involved in the running storm of a P2P platform in Beijing on 20 14. Although the company stated that the guarantee letter and guarantee contract published on the website of the running platform were "all forged", the investigation involved could not be avoided.
In addition, the reporter roughly counted the court judgment documents involved in the company, and found that the company was appealed by 10 banks or bank branches only in 20 15 years, and there were more than 15 disputes involving microfinance companies and private lending repayment. Except for 1 and February, there are 2-3 lawsuits to be fought every month for almost a year.
In order to prevent and control risks, banks cut off the sources of funds for private guarantee companies.
"In order to prevent and control risks, in 20 15, the bank comprehensively cleaned up cooperation with some private guarantee companies." 65438+ 10 month 15, a related person of a large commercial bank told the reporter. "Since 20 14, the cooperation between our banks and private guarantee companies has been reduced by 70%. Companies that had problems before or had guarantee problems with other banks all withdrew, and more chose to cooperate with state-owned guarantee companies. "
In fact, the incident of Beijing Zhong Dan Investment Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd. absconding with money in 2065438+early 2002 made many banks more wary of private guarantee companies.
The above-mentioned bankers said that private guarantee companies are easy to "collude" with private enterprises, improve the credit of enterprises that do not meet the loan conditions or have insufficient loan quotas, "take" a larger quota from banks, and then share the benefits.
The worries of bankers are not "groundless", and there are such cases in the court judgments of the above-mentioned large guarantee companies inquired by reporters.
A farming and animal husbandry company was brought to court by the above-mentioned large-scale guarantee company, and it was ordered to repay the loan of 4 million yuan and interest of 55,734 yuan due to the guarantee company. The farming and animal husbandry company argued that it not only paid the guarantee fee of 80,000 yuan to the guarantee company, but also paid the deposit of 600,000 yuan, and the actual principal was only 3.4 million yuan. Therefore, the actual compensation principal of the above guarantee company should be 3.4 million yuan and interest of 4,493,353 yuan.
However, because the defendant had no evidence to prove that the actual principal was 3.4 million yuan, the court finally ruled that the defendant paid 4,055,734 yuan to the guarantee company.
The distrust between banks and guarantee companies is also related to the frequent gray operation mode of "bridge loan".
Among the clients of Lilin Guarantee Company, there is a female boss who is an agent for sanitary products. After investigation, she can only borrow 5 million yuan from the bank for real estate and inventory. But in order to win this customer, the company provided her with a guarantee and let her borrow 7 million from the bank. Then, because the customer borrowed 3 million from other banks due, the guarantee company added 3 million "bridge loan" to repay the bank loan for her, and the accumulated financing guarantee reached 65,433.
"Seeing that she can't afford the money, the business owner ran away, which became the company's biggest bad debt. When we reported the case, we found that she also mortgaged the property and inventory to other companies. " Li Lin said that business owners repeatedly mortgaged "fraudulent loans" and "filling holes", and the guarantee company helped them "cross the bridge" to extend bank credit to earn guarantee fees, which became a chaos in the industry.
"At present, apart from local banks, there are basically no large state-owned or commercial banks cooperating with private guarantee companies." The person in charge of Hubei Branch of a well-known guarantee company told the reporter, "If the bank credit is tighter, it will be more difficult for the guarantee company to survive."
Many people in the guarantee industry said that the survival of the private guarantee industry depends on banks, and the source of bank funds is the most stable and safest channel for guarantee companies. Once the bank stops cooperating with the guarantee company, it means that the guarantee company can no longer provide large-scale corporate loan guarantee business, or can only find money from the private sector. "The cost of finding money is very high."
"If the bank has no credit line, the guarantee can't do business," said the head of Hubei Branch of the above-mentioned well-known guarantee company. "And in the current economic downturn, bank credit is further tightened."
Li Lin told reporters that the current annual interest rate of private financing is above 15%, and the interest rate of short-term loans is higher, with a monthly interest rate of 5-6%. "The company's own funds and net profit can't reach this growth rate at all, and it will get deeper and deeper."
The transition from left hand to right hand is trapped in the "self-melting" grey chain mode.
Under the background of "shuffling" in the industry, guarantee companies all over the country have transformed to find a way out.
"Now guarantee companies are integrating, private guarantee companies cooperate with state-owned guarantee companies, and cooperate with microfinance companies to establish their own P2P platform." On June 4th, 65438+ 10/KLOC-0, the person in charge of Hubei Branch of the above-mentioned guarantee company told the reporter that the troubled guarantee company is transforming into the direction of Internet, specialization and collectivization.
For example, from July 2065438 to July 2004, the P2P financing platform "Jin Baobao" initiated by Chongqing Three Gorges Guarantee Group Co., Ltd., the largest state-owned guarantee company in the western region, was officially launched. At the end of 20 14, the Internet platform "Hanhuayun" institutional information service platform and "Laitou" personal financial service platform guaranteed by Hanhua were launched one after another.
However, the cross-border of guarantee companies is not as smooth as expected.
"If the guarantee company applies for an Internet finance license and a small loan license, it can no longer rely on the bank's self-raised funds." Wang Chao said, "But this kind of gameplay may also be played."
The above-mentioned multiple guarantors said that a "fund pool" is likely to appear after enterprises with irregular operations raise funds by themselves. "After all, good projects are hard to find. Once the money cannot be invested or the income after investment is difficult to pay the interest of platform users,' self-financing' will become a' Ponzi scheme', and the money invested later is to pay the principal and interest of the previous money. "
According to the data released by Online Lending House, by the end of February 20 15, there were 3858 platforms (including problem platforms) in the P2P online lending industry, accounting for 32.7%.
"Some guarantee companies began to give up corporate customers and specialize in personal business." Li Lin told reporters that there is a local guarantee company with similar scale. After realizing the industry status quo that corporate loans are difficult to repay and the risks are increasing, a large part of salesmen and energy turned to personal mortgage and car loan business. This "volume-taking" approach makes the guarantee company's salary and capital chain better than that of peers 20 15.
In addition, non-financing guarantee business has also become one of the directions for guarantee companies to avoid risks and break through. The person in charge of Hubei Branch of the above-mentioned guarantee company told the reporter that litigation preservation guarantee and project performance guarantee are the "bright spots" of the company's development in 20 16 years. "Enterprises that have obtained first-class engineering qualifications are excellent enterprises in themselves. We screen through this standard to improve customer quality and reduce risks. "
"The traditional guarantee industry has a single business. At a time when Internet finance, equity funds and the New Third Board are expanding, small and medium-sized enterprises that used to rely solely on bank lending have increasingly diversified equity financing and loan financing, and many guarantee companies have lost their living space. " 65438122 October, Dong Dengxin, director of the Institute of Financial Securities of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, said, "In addition to the illegal operation of' holding the right hand with the left hand', large groups including guarantee, small loan, P2P, asset management and other industries, the following subsidiaries will have more development opportunities, or become the normal development of the guarantee industry."
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