Question 2: According to the company's business, what kinds of services, trade, engineering, consulting and almost these kinds are usually divided into?
Question 3: According to the Constitution and relevant laws, what types of enterprises are there? At present, there are state-owned economy, collective ownership economy, private economy, joint venture economy, joint-stock economy and foreign-related economy (including foreign investment, Sino-foreign joint venture and investment economy in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). The corresponding mode of enterprise legislation in China is also arranged according to the economic type, forming a special situation of determining the legal type of enterprises according to the economic type. They are:
(1) state-owned enterprises. This means that all the property of the enterprise belongs to the state and is funded by the state. The scope of state-owned enterprises includes enterprises invested by state organs, institutions and social organizations at the central and local levels, as well as institutions and social organizations engaged in production and business activities operated by enterprises that the state no longer allocates or distributes part of funds, and enterprises invested by the above-mentioned enterprises, institutions and social organizations with state-owned assets.
(2) collectively owned enterprises. This refers to enterprises funded by working people within a certain range. Including enterprises invested by urban and rural workers with collective capital, and enterprises that some individuals voluntarily gave up their ownership through fund-raising and were recognized as collective ownership by the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law.
(3) private enterprises. This refers to a profit-making economic organization whose assets are privately owned and whose employees exceed the legal number. In China, this kind of enterprise is funded by individual citizens and owned and dominated by them. Its production and operation mode is based on wage labor, and the number of employees should be more than 8. Such enterprises used to operate the tertiary industry, but now they are involved in the primary and secondary industries, developing in the direction of science and technology, production and export-oriented.
(4) Joint-stock enterprises. The property of an enterprise is jointly funded by two or more investors and is an enterprise in the form of shares. China's joint-stock enterprises mainly refer to joint-stock companies and limited liability companies (including wholly state-owned companies). Although some state-owned, collective and private economic organizations operate in the form of joint-stock system, they are still classified into their economic types according to the economic nature of the original ownership, but they have not been registered as joint-stock limited liability companies in accordance with the relevant established restructuring norms of the Company Law.
(5) Joint ventures. This refers to the joint operation between enterprises or between enterprises and institutions to form a new economic entity; A joint venture with legal personality shall bear civil liability independently; If it does not meet the requirements of a legal person, the parties to the joint venture shall bear civil liability with their own or managed property according to the proportion of capital contribution or agreement. Those who are jointly and severally liable according to the law or agreement shall be jointly and severally liable.
(6) Enterprises with foreign investment. Such enterprises include Sino-foreign joint ventures established by Chinese and foreign parties within the territory of China with the approval of China. Both Chinese and foreign parties * * * jointly invest, * * * jointly operate, * * * enjoy profits and * * * bear risks; It also includes Chinese-foreign cooperative ventures established by foreign enterprises and other economic organizations in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, in accordance with Chinese laws and approved by the relevant competent departments of China; It also includes foreign-funded enterprises established within the territory of China in accordance with the laws of China, with all their capital invested by foreign enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals, operating independently and taking responsibility for their own profits and losses.
(7) Enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen. Refers to enterprises established in the Mainland by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the form of joint venture, cooperation or sole proprietorship in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on foreign-related economic affairs. In the application of law, it is based on People's Republic of China (PRC)'s foreign-related economic laws and regulations, which is different from foreign-related investment in economic types.
(8) Joint-stock cooperative enterprises. This refers to the economic organization based on capital union and labor union, which effectively combines the two basic elements of productivity, capital and labor, and has the advantages of joint-stock enterprises and cooperative enterprises.
A sole proprietorship enterprise is a place that confuses outsiders. Many people say that the so-called "one-man company" or "one-yuan registration of an enterprise" is a misunderstanding and rumor about a sole proprietorship enterprise (among them, unscrupulous and uneducated journalists have played many bad roles).
A sole proprietorship enterprise is a business entity established in accordance with the sole proprietorship enterprise law. It is invested by a natural person, and the property belongs to the investor. The investor shall bear unlimited liability for the debts of the enterprise with his personal property. As a natural person enterprise, investors are jointly and severally liable for the business risks of the enterprise. In other words, an independent enterprise is not an enterprise at all ... >>
Question 4: What are the business types of enterprises? Business to individual. Man to man! A two b, BtwoB. AtwoB
Question 5: What kinds of employees can be divided into? What enterprises value most is value. I divide employees into three types according to their creative value: value for money, balance of payments and loss. The employees here refer to everyone except the boss. )
Let me analyze these three types of employees by combining all levels inside and outside the company and the company pyramid structure.
The first one-value for money. Such employees can usually be divided into two categories:
One is that the overall quality is relatively general, and all aspects are outstanding. Such employees can generally create direct or long-term benefits for the company. They have a sense of responsibility, properly handle personnel relations, abide by the company system, have a sense of dealing with potential crises, and can maintain the company's corporate image at any time. In short, such employees are all-round talents in the eyes of others. Even at the bottom of the pyramid, they will develop slowly and steadily. With the growth of the company, their loyalty is relatively high, and they will generally become company veterans. The disadvantage is that it is too stable. The company is facing a transformation stage and needs a breakthrough. These employees can't break the deadlock.
The other is that one aspect is particularly prominent, such as interests, and one person may gain particularly great benefits for the whole company; Or the social relationship is particularly hard, and there are three religions and nine streams. Or personnel management is particularly prominent, which can lead the company team to play its greatest potential. This kind of employees will generally be at the middle and upper end of the pyramid and are very talented in the eyes of others. If the company loses such talents, there will be no replacement for a while. But the disadvantage is that although the company can get out of the predicament, it is difficult for itself to break through, and its loyalty to the company is not very high, because their talents are their capital, and they can choose where to get the highest income.
The second is the balance of payments. The characteristics of this kind of employees are very common, that is, the middle and lower levels of the pyramid gather people. Most of these people are average in comprehensive quality or outstanding in one aspect. The biggest feature of these employees is stability, easy management and large number. They are the main executors of the company system and have greater responsibilities, but they will make the responsibilities dispensable because of their harmless selfishness. These people are indispensable, but no one is irreplaceable. They constitute the most stable force in the company. However, it can hardly exert its influence in the initial stage, transition period and crisis period.
The third category-loss. This kind of employee is great. They can be at almost any level except the top of the pyramid. The main feature of this kind of employees is that they have great defects in some aspects, such as no sense of responsibility at all, which leads them to completely disregard the interests of the company. They just care about whether they are at leisure, as long as they can cope with the immediate tasks of the leaders. Another example is the mess of personnel issues, which can make the internal personnel of the company disunited and unable to get along with customers externally. Or have special personality problems and so on. When such an employee comes to the company, the boss can only ask him to leave as soon as possible ~
Question 6: What are the orientations for determining the business scope of an enterprise? There are five orientations to determine the business scope of an enterprise: product orientation, technology orientation, customer orientation, diversification orientation and demand orientation. Different business scope positioning is suitable for enterprises with different conditions, and the judgment standards for competitors are also different.
(1) Under the guidance of products, enterprises only regard enterprises that produce the same varieties or specifications as competitors. The applicable conditions of product orientation are: market products are in short supply, and existing products are not worried about sales; Enterprise strength is weak, unable to engage in product renewal.
(2) Under the guidance of technology, enterprises regard all enterprises that use the same technology and produce similar products as competitors. Applicable conditions of technology orientation: the supply of a specific variety has exceeded the demand, but similar products with different colors still have good prospects.
(3) Under the guidance of demand, enterprises regard enterprises that meet the same needs of customers as competitors no matter what technology they adopt or what products they provide. The applicable conditions of demand orientation are: the supply of goods exceeds demand in the market, and enterprises have strong investment ability, the ability to use a variety of different technologies and the ability to manage and promote a variety of products.
(4) Under the guidance of customers, enterprises regard all enterprises that choose the same customer group as the target market as competitors. The applicable condition of customer orientation is that the enterprise enjoys the advantages of reputation and sales network in a certain customer group and can be transferred to the company's new business.
(5) Under multiple positioning, enterprises should identify competitors according to their specific business scope positioning in various business fields (industries). The multi-directional application conditions are: enterprises with strong strength, keen market insight and strong cross-industry operation ability.
Question 7: What are the classifications of enterprise nature and how to classify them? Standard enterprise nature classification: state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, joint ventures, joint-stock cooperative enterprises, private enterprises, self-employed partnerships and limited liability companies: shareholders are liable to the company to the extent of their subscribed capital contributions; Limited by Share Ltd: Shareholders are liable to the company to the extent of the shares subscribed by them. Wholly state-owned company: refers to a limited liability company established by a state-authorized investment institution or a state-authorized department. A sole proprietorship enterprise refers to an enterprise legal person established within the territory of China according to this Law, which is invested by a natural person, and its property belongs to the investor, who shall bear unlimited liability for the debts of the enterprise with his personal property. Partnership refers to the general partnership and limited partnership established in China by natural persons, legal persons and other organizations in accordance with this Law. Individual industrial and commercial households: refers to an economic form in which the means of production are privately owned, mainly individual labor, and the income from labor is dominated by individual workers themselves. Individual industrial and commercial households have three organizational forms: individual business, family business and individual partnership business. Because individual industrial and commercial households bear unlimited liability for debts, individual industrial and commercial households do not have legal personality. Foreign-invested enterprises: foreign enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals invest in China in various ways, and are established according to law and bear civil liabilities. Divided into: wholly foreign-owned enterprises, Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises and Chinese-foreign joint ventures. Private enterprise: refers to a profit-making economic organization established or controlled by natural persons and based on wage labor. In addition, there are previously registered enterprises, which can no longer be registered as enterprises of this nature: enterprises owned by the whole people: the means of production are owned by the whole people, and the state, as a representative, exercises ownership, engages in commodity production and business activities, and implements independent operation, self-financing, independent accounting and profit-making enterprises. Collective ownership enterprise: refers to an enterprise in which the means of production or property are collectively owned by the working people, and the working people work together, giving priority to distribution according to work, supplemented by appropriate dividends, and accumulating certain public funds.
Question 8: What are the classifications of business models? Self-produced and sold. Refers to the sale of products produced by private enterprises. This mode of operation of enterprises is generally small, mostly for some craftsmen, such as shoe stores, clothing stores and so on. Most of them are front shops and back factories, producing and selling.
Business on a commission basis. It refers to a commercial activity in the form of contract, which is entrusted by people to buy and sell on their behalf. This mode of operation is more flexible and its business scope is wider. Most of them are agricultural and sideline products, which need a certain business site, and operators charge a certain handling fee from them. Operators who purchase and sell on a commission basis should have credibility.
Processing with supplied materials, processing with samples and assembling with supplied parts. Processing with supplied materials is to change the shapes, properties, surface conditions and uses of raw materials and semi-finished products and process them into products as required; Sample processing refers to processing according to the requirements of the order and the design requirements of the drawings and orders, and supplying products to the ordering party after molding; Assembly with supplied materials is to assemble the parts provided by the other party into products according to the requirements of the contract. No matter what kind of business model, enterprises must sign contracts to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.
Wholesale. In commercial activities, goods are sold in batches, and their prices are not lower than those of retail goods. Sales targets are commodity operators and retailers, and they are not directly sold to final consumers. Wholesale goods need certain storage equipment, storage and transportation conditions and more funds.
Retail. Refers to the bulk purchase of goods, sporadic sales, sales target for the final consumer maintenance industry. Repair damaged ships, facilities and articles to their original state or achieve their original functional purposes.
Transportation industry. It is divided into passenger transport and freight transport, and it is also divided into non-motor vehicle transport or motor vehicle transport, ship transport, railway, public transport and water transport because of different means of transport. Private enterprises do not operate railway transportation.
Consulting services. Consulting service is a rising industry in recent years. Private enterprises use their own scientific and technological knowledge in a certain field to provide services, experience, materials, data and design for customers, so that customers can gain knowledge and benefits in consultation.
Question 9: What are the business operation modes? First of all, according to the position of enterprises in the industrial chain, the enterprise operation modes are classified:
1, production OEM (spindle) business model
The characteristic of this kind of business model enterprises is that enterprises, as suppliers of enterprises in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, generally process products according to customers' orders. In the market, they are sold under the signs of other companies. Enterprises are only responsible for the production of one or more products or parts in a certain industry, but most of them involve product sales and product design.
2, design+sales (dumbbell) business model
This business model is just the opposite of the production OEM business model. Enterprises do not participate in any business in the production field, but are only responsible for design and sales. Enterprises design products and services that customers need in the market, and then look for corresponding production OEM. It requires enterprises to have strong design and sales capabilities and well-known brands. This kind of enterprise is closely related to the market, sensitive to market trends and customer needs, and is the fastest enterprise to respond to the market.
3. Business model of production+sales
Production enterprises that adopt this business model are the most common, and enterprises involve the latter two parts of business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise did not involve it. In this node of enterprises, the competition between enterprises is fierce. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.
4. Business model of design+production+sales
This is a business model involving many nodes in the industrial chain. Enterprises adopting this business model are characterized by their ability to develop new products. According to the market demand, the enterprise develops the products needed by its own market and transforms the previous products at the same time; In manufacturing, enterprises have certain manufacturing capabilities, and the flexibility of manufacturing equipment is relatively good. The developed new products can be produced by existing equipment, or there are enough funds to build new production lines. Establish your own customer base for your products through your own marketing system.
5. Types of information services
A typical information service enterprise is a consulting company. This kind of enterprise or company does not involve all activities of manufacturing industry, but it is closely related to manufacturing industry to a great extent.
Second, the enterprise operation mode is divided according to the business scope of the enterprise:
1, single business model
Single operation, also known as specialized operation, means that an enterprise only designs, produces or sells in one product field, and its business scope is relatively single. The advantage of this business model is that the market scope faced by enterprises is relatively limited, and they can concentrate resources on competition; The risk is that many competitors may realize the effectiveness of the single-minded business strategy and imitate this model.
2. Diversified business model
Diversified business models can be divided into three basic types: centralized diversification, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.
Question 10: What are the types of enterprise work improvement? You didn't say shortcomings, you can only talk about the improvement ideas in general:
1, wrong methods, such as people's methods and ways of doing things,
2. The resources are insufficient, and the tools, equipment, personnel and time needed cannot be met.
3, the responsibility is too large, or the authority is too small, and there is no right to coordinate the departments or personnel that need to be coordinated.
4. The relevant departments don't cooperate, the process is not smooth, and the management process can't support the achievement of the task.
Wait a minute.