China is the only major producer whose wheat output exceeds 1 100 million tons, and the only largest consumer whose wheat consumption exceeds 1 100 million tons. China has sufficient wheat stocks, and its variety structure is suitable for flour production. From the international market, there is a strong demand for flour at present, especially in countries around China.
According to the forecast of the International Grain Council (IGC), in 2002-2003, the global flour import was 8.49 million tons, including Libya1300,000 tons, Near East 440,000 tons, Yemen 260,000 tons, Indonesia 600,000 tons, Hong Kong 400,000 tons, Cuba 400,000 tons, USA 200,000 tons, Europe 540,000 tons and 2002-2003.
Basic situation of flour export in Guangdong Province
In recent years, with the continuous efforts of flour producers, the export volume of flour in Guangdong Province has been increasing, and the exporting countries and regions are also expanding. According to customs data, from 1997 to 2002, the export volume of flour in Guangdong Province was195,000 tons in 997,199,000 tons in 998,199.0/10,000 tons in 2000/.
In 2002, Guangdong flour was exported from Hong Kong and Macao to France, Macao, the United States, Hong Kong and other 18 countries and regions. The main markets are Hong Kong, Macau and Southeast Asia. Among them, the products exported to Hong Kong and Macao are mainly high-grade flour produced by domestic high-quality special wheat or imported wheat, while the products exported to Southeast Asia and Africa are mainly low-grade flour produced by domestic ordinary wheat.
According to the statistics of Guangdong Grain Industry Association, at present, the annual processing capacity of flour enterprises in Guangdong Province is about 4.8 million tons, while the flour market needs to process about 2.5 million tons of wheat every year, with an overcapacity of 2.3 million tons and an excess rate of 47.9%.
There are 55 flour enterprises with a daily processing capacity of more than 0/00 tons of wheat/kloc-(of which 28 enterprises have basically normal production). Most of them are advanced equipment introduced in the 1990s, which can process both domestic common wheat, high-quality special wheat and imported wheat.
At present, Guangdong Nanshun Flour Co., Ltd., Nanhai Grain Co., Ltd., Southern Flour Factory, Fogard Grain Co., Ltd., Xinhui Xinliang Flour Factory and Bai Yan Grain and Oil Industry Co., Ltd. have accounted for more than half of Guangdong's flour processing capacity.
Under the organization of Guangdong Grain Industry Association, these enterprises often exchange information and support and coordinate each other in business.
Leading enterprises in flour export began to appear. Guangdong flour export was mainly led by Nanshun Flour Co., Ltd., Nanhai Grain Co., Ltd. and Fogard Grain Co., Ltd., all of which had established their own brands, with complete product specifications and varieties, high-grade products and low-grade products. The market has covered Southeast Asian countries and regions, especially Hong Kong and Macao.
China has an advantage in flour export.
Flour enterprises point out that China has advantages in market, price and quality to expand its flour export. Wheat is basically not produced in Southeast Asia, and both wheat and flour are imported.
Because the local eating habits are similar to those in China, pasta is mainly noodles, with a large proportion of medium-gluten flour, and there is also a great demand for middle and low-grade flour. The quality and price of flour in developed countries are high, which is difficult for local ordinary consumers to accept, while the quality of Indian flour is poor. Indonesia and other countries have abandoned flour monopoly and implemented marketization, leaving a broader space for China's flour export.
In addition, the grain trade in Southeast Asia is basically from China, and the communication is convenient, which is also a favorable condition for China's flour export. Flour processing enterprises in Guangdong Province have been committed to the development of the flour market in Southeast Asia, and now they have a high market share.
In addition, it also has the advantages of cost and regional trade groups. Many flour enterprises believe that, on the one hand, compared with other flour exporting countries, the transportation distance from China to Southeast Asia is shorter and the freight rate is lower; On the other hand, the price of common wheat in China is lower than that in Europe and America, the cost of electricity and labor is also lower than that in Southeast Asian countries, and the overall production cost is about 15% lower than that in Southeast Asian countries.
If flour is directly produced in the main wheat producing areas, the cost can be further reduced. Some flour enterprises have started to set up factories in other places. For example, Nanshun Company invested in Jiangsu Nanshun Flour Co., Ltd. in Wuxi in early 2002, with an annual processing capacity of wheat150,000 tons. Fengshun Company also invested in Yufeng Processing Co., Ltd. in Anyang. At present, the processing capacity is 70 tons of wheat per day.
China has signed free trade zone agreements with 10 ASEAN countries, and will build the largest free trade zone in the world by 20 10, which has created good opportunities for the export of wheat and its products in China. Some flour enterprises suggested that the complementary relationship between China and ASEAN in food should be fully considered on how to make use of the FTZ.
In addition, from the perspective of raw material resources, China's wheat stocks are sufficient, and the variety structure is suitable for producing flour? Exporting to Southeast Asia is a good opportunity to expand flour exports. At present, although state-owned grain buying and selling enterprises have a large number of wheat stocks, due to the unreasonable variety structure, a large number of ordinary wheat is overstocked, and there are not many high-quality special wheat.
However, this disadvantage may turn into an advantage, because Southeast Asian countries have low requirements for imported flour grades and low quotations, and processing with ordinary wheat can just meet the requirements, while using imported wheat or domestic high-quality special wheat is too expensive.
Flour has great export potential.
According to the survey, although flour production and export enterprises have different forms of ownership and different proportions of domestic and foreign sales, they have a higher degree of automation, larger output and better benefits on the whole.
According to the enterprise, exporting flour has brought benefits to the enterprise, even if the export flour business is meager profit, capital preservation or even small loss, it is worth it, because if you count the general ledger of total sales volume and variety structure, it is still profitable. On the contrary, if it is not exported, it may lead to insufficient output, idle equipment, losses and loss of sales channels.
According to reports, Nanshun Flour Co., Ltd. has sold 3.976 billion yuan since it was put into production in 1995 to June 2003, exported1663 million yuan, and paid taxes1.1200 million yuan, which improved the added value of agricultural products. At present, many countries impose restrictions on the import of wheat, corn and other raw grains, such as the tariff quota license system, and relatively few restrictions on the import of flour.
Enterprises believe that exporting flour generally increases the added value by more than 30% compared with simply exporting wheat, which improves the export efficiency. Some enterprises also suggested that exporting flour instead of wheat should be a development direction. At present, some places export high-quality wheat at a price lower than or equal to that of ordinary wheat in the market, which is a pity.
Exporting flour instead of wheat is conducive to reducing the pressure on domestic wheat stocks and protecting farmers' interests. For every ton of flour produced, 1.4- 1.5 tons of wheat will be consumed, and exporting flour is equivalent to exporting wheat. Using domestic wheat to process export flour is an effective way to reduce the stock of ordinary wheat in China, which is of great practical significance to effectively reduce the pressure of importing a large number of wheat after China's entry into WTO, ensure the balance of domestic grain and protect the interests of farmers.
Last year, Fogard digested 28,000 tons of aged wheat used as196 central grain reserve, and some enterprises also took the initiative to purchase orders from major wheat producing areas. Make full use of excess capacity, increase employment and drive the development of the whole industrial chain. Expanding the export of flour will, to a certain extent, solve the problems of domestic market saturation, flour production enterprises stopping production or semi-stopping production, and solve the employment problem of a large number of workers. At the same time, increasing the export of flour can also promote the development of the whole industrial chain, such as machinery manufacturing, transportation, wheat planting, pesticide and fertilizer production, shipping and warehousing.
These are all for checking whiteness. If you want to know about them, look at the national flour export network.