Early Xi 'an industry developed slowly.
Until the successful construction and operation of Longhai Railway.
It has changed the current situation of traffic and economic tension in Xi city.
The development of Xi 'an industry in modern times was mainly based on the creation of national capital. After the founding of New China, Soviet aid was introduced as foreign technology and equipment, which gradually formed a complete modern industrial system and began a relatively stable development.
The development process of Xi 'an Elderly Industrial Zone can be roughly divided into the following five stages:
1, embryonic stage of development (1869- 1934)
In the early stage of Xi 'an's industrial development, the traditional handicraft industry was the main industry, but it was always difficult to develop because of the developed traffic and the turbulent war. As the earliest modern industrial enterprise in Xi 'an and even the whole northwest region, Xi 'an Machinery Bureau also moved to Lanzhou because of the westward movement of the war center. In the era of warlord melee, people lived in poverty and industry could not develop. Later, with the emphasis on economic development, Xi 'an began a series of local industrial construction. At first, it was mostly military industry serving the military and political affairs, and then it gradually developed the minority capital industry. However, due to the small scale, small quantity, coupled with war and turmoil, Xi' an industry has been in the embryonic stage of slow development for a long time.
2. Initial development period (1935- 1948)
At the end of 1934, the Longhai Railway was built to Xi 'an, which brought important development opportunities for the modern industrial development of Xi 'an. This mode of transportation has brought about a leap-forward improvement in transportation capacity, greatly promoted the development of Xi 'an industry and formed a modern industrial system in Xi 'an. Longhai Railway has also made great contributions to the development of Xi Railway. Up to now, the Longhai Railway Line and its two sides still remain in the north of the main city, crossing the east and west, which has far-reaching influence and significance on urban development.
1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in order to preserve the industrial production capacity, a large number of coastal industries moved inland, rapidly expanding the number and types of modern industries in Xi 'an, making them develop rapidly in a short time, and the national capital industry rose rapidly. Dahua Textile Factory, as the earliest and largest textile factory in northwest China, and Huafeng and Chengfeng flour mills were all completed and put into operation during this period. With the development of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, industrial enterprises moved out continuously until liberation. Xi 'an's industry has come to a standstill.
3. Initial development stage (1949- 1962)
After the founding of New China, Xi 'an's industrial development tends to be stable through the recovery of the arms industry and the relocation of state-owned enterprises. During the first five-year plan period (1953- 1957), 156 important industrial projects aided by the Soviet Union laid the foundation for socialist industrialization. These 156 important industrial projects are mainly located in the northeast of China to balance the industrial layout of China and ensure the safety of national defense industry.
As one of the key cities in western China during the First Five-Year Plan period, Xi has 17 key projects. Including An Switch Rectifier Factory (now An High Voltage Kai Guanchang and An Power Rectifier Factory), An High Voltage Electric Porcelain Factory, An Insulation Material Factory, Qing 'an Machinery Factory (now Qing 'an Aerospace Equipment Company) and Xi 'an Machinery Factory (now Far East Machinery Factory, Hui 'an Chemical Factory, Xi 'an Power Capacitor Factory, Tsinghua Electric Appliance Factory, Dongfang Machinery Factory, Huashan Machinery Factory, Northwest Optical Instrument Factory, Qinchuan Machinery Factory and Xi 'an Machinery Factory).
At the same time, Xi 'an has also carried out large-scale industrial construction in other areas, including 66 large state-owned industrial enterprises such as Northwest National Cotton Mill, Xi 'an Textile Mill, Xi 'an Pharmaceutical Factory and Xi 'an Agricultural Machinery Factory, forming three industrial zones in the urban area. One is the textile city, which is formed by gathering national cotton mills and other cotton mills in the east of the city. The second is Electrician City, which refers to the motor manufacturing cluster formed by more than ten key electrician enterprises in the western suburbs of the city.
The third is the Military Industry City, which is a national defense military manufacturing zone. There are machinery factories such as Dongfang Factory, Huashan Factory, Xiguang Factory, Qinchuan Factory, Kunlun Factory and Huanghe Factory. With the support of the government, Xi 'an Industry has entered the initial stage of development with heavy industry as its main development direction. During the second five-year plan period (1958- 1962), the second batch of Soviet aid projects, including Xi 'an Aircraft Manufacturing Company and Xi 'an Aeroengine Manufacturing Company, settled in Xi 'an. At the same time, influenced by the Great Leap Forward Movement, a large number of local industrial enterprises built and expanded rapidly, resulting in poor overall construction quality and low development continuity. Coupled with natural disasters and the termination of aid activities, Xi' an's industrial development has been hit hard.
4. tortuous development period (1963- 1978)
During the "Three Five-Year Plan" period, the national industrial layout structure was transformed, and it was divided into one, two and three lines from the coast to the mainland. The construction of inland areas is called "three-line construction". Based on the principle of "dispersion, reliance and concealment", a number of national defense projects such as machinery, weapons, aviation, chemical industry and metallurgy have been built in Huxian, Lintong and Chang 'an around Xi 'an. During this period, a number of large and medium-sized enterprises in coastal cities moved to Xi 'an, and merged and expanded with relevant factories in Xi 'an, such as Zhongxing Electric Factory, Xi 'an Transformer Factory, Xi 'an Cherry Factory, Xi 'an Signal Factory and Xi 'an Chemical Reagent Factory.
At the same time, xi 'an spontaneously developed a number of projects, such as Shaanxi Iron and Steel Plant, Shaanxi Sewing Machine Factory, xi 'an Watch Parts Factory and Xi 'an Machine Tool Factory. Later, influenced by the "Cultural Revolution", factory production activities were limited and industrial development stagnated. After 1978, it returned to the normal development path and entered a relatively stable development period.
5. The rapid development of modern industry in 5.Xi 'an.
Since the reform and opening-up, Xi 'an industry has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable achievements, reaching a new height and stage. The industrial process has entered a stable development state, the industrial structure has been continuously optimized, and the industrial transformation has been continuously upgraded, which has opened the transition from manufacturing to creation and from speed to quality, which is also the requirement and trend of high-quality industrial development.
Looking back on the industrial development of Xi 'an 100 years, although the process is bumpy and time-consuming, it has experienced ups and downs, but the glory of the past has left a deep imprint on the city, and the great contribution of industrial development to social and economic development is immeasurable. Today, Xi 'an Industrial Zone is not only a part of urban industrial function, but also records and tells the history of urban development.
Present situation and layout of Xi 'an elderly industrial zone
With the development of urban economy, the urban spatial layout of Xi City is constantly changing. At present, Xi 'an has a certain historical age, and large-scale traditional old industrial clusters are mainly distributed in Daqing Road area, Xingfu Road area and Baqiao area. In addition, there are some industrial zones with a certain scale, which are mainly distributed in Hujiamiao area and the northeast of the city, while the rest are small in scale and scattered in layout.
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Daqing road area 1
This area is located in the west of Laodong Road, south of Longhai Railway and north of Yuhuazhai, and it is a large-scale motor industrial zone in Xi. Including Xi 'an High Voltage Kai Guanchang, Xi 'an Power Rectifier Factory, Xi 'an Power Capacitor Factory, Xi 'an Instrument Factory, Xi 'an Machinery Factory, Xi 'an Anqing Machinery Factory and many other key projects built during the First Five-Year Plan period, forming a Xidian base covering an area of about 2.7 square kilometers, also known as "Electrician City".
The factory is arranged along the north side of Daqing Road to facilitate contact with the branch line of Longhai Railway. South of Daqing Road is mainly a supporting residential area, with concentrated residence and scattered commercial services. The production area and living area are separated by Daqing road forest belt, which ensures the convenience of separation and reduces mutual interference. At the same time, a number of large and medium-sized enterprises such as Xi 'an Pharmaceutical Factory, Xi 'an Banknote Printing Factory, Xi 'an Boiler Factory and Xi 'an Standard Parts Factory have been built here.
2. Xingfu Road area
This area is located in the east of Xi, between the Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road. It starts from the Chanhe River in the east, reaches the Second Ring Road in the west, reaches the Longhai Railway Line in the north, and reaches the Equal Driving Slope in the south, covering an area of about 17.6 square kilometers. This is the gathering area of Xi 'an military industrial enterprises and large machinery industries. Including Dongfang Machinery Factory, Huashan Machinery Factory, Northwest Optoelectronic Instrument Factory, Qinchuan Machinery Factory, Kunlun Machinery Factory and Yellow River Machinery Factory, it is called "Military Industry City", in addition to Yangsen Pharmaceutical Factory and several other smaller industrial factories. Among them, six factories are distributed along the north-south direction of Xingfu Road and Wanshou Road. Except the Northwest Optoelectronic Instrument Factory, which is located in the west of Wanshou Road, the other five factories are located in the east of Xingfu Road, the Longhai Railway Line in the east and the freight station in the east of An Railway in the north.
To the east of Xingfu Road, production and construction are the mainstay, and to the west of Wanshou Road, there are several staff living quarters with a certain scale, and corresponding supporting facilities for business, science, education and entertainment services are built. There is a happy forest belt between Xingfu Road and Wanshou Road, which is consistent with the planning idea of Daqing Road. As a production and living isolation zone, it was originally occupied by temporary construction units. Demolition and reconstruction have been going on since the master plan of this area was approved. Now, the interior of the forest belt has been cleaned up and the corresponding planning and construction has begun.
3. Baqiao Industrial Zone
This area is located in Bailuyuan, the eastern suburb of Xi, with Longhai Railway in the north, Beidian Village in the south, South in the east and Chanhe River in the west. Because of its good natural conditions, it is listed as an important base for the development of textile industry in China. During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, five large and medium-sized enterprises, including the state-owned Northwest Cotton Textile Factory and the first printing and dyeing factory in Northwest China, were successively built, becoming the largest cotton textile industrial base in Northwest China, hence the name "Textile City". There are dozens of industrial enterprises in the area, such as Xi 'an Electric Power Machinery Factory, Baqiao Thermal Power Plant, Hongqi Cement Products Factory and Yanhe Cement Machinery Factory.
4. Other industrial zones
In addition to the three traditional old industrial areas of Electrician City, Military Industry City and Textile City, Hujiamiao area and the northeast suburb are also areas where the development of traditional industries in Xi 'an is relatively concentrated.
Hujiamiao Industrial Zone is adjacent to Xingfu Road Industrial Zone in the east and Longhai Railway in the north. It is located in the east of Huancheng East Road and covers an area of about 4 square kilometers. Initially, Shaanxi Metal Structure Factory and xi People's Enamel Factory set up factories here. Later, Xi 'an Electromechanical General Factory, Xi 'an Road Construction Machinery Factory and Xi 'an Agricultural Machinery Factory appeared one after another, forming an industrial zone with a certain scale and agglomeration effect.
The industrial zone in the northeast suburb is located in the northeast of Xi City, with Taihua Road in the east, Xinjiamiao and Bafuzhuang in the north and Longhai Railway in the south. There are xi 'an Dahua Textile Factory, Xi 'an Coal Mine Machinery Factory, Shaanxi Heavy Machinery Factory, Xi 'an Internal Combustion Engine Parts Factory, Xi 'an Cement Pipe Factory, Xi 'an Beer and Beverage General Factory, etc.
In addition, there are some small-scale, scattered point-like industrial construction concentration areas. Weibin Industrial Zone, located in Xujiawan area on the south bank of Weihe River in the north of the city, is dozens of kilometers away from the urban area. There are an aerospace and aviation industry, an aero-engine company, an nuclear equipment factory, an elevator factory and an drawing equipment factory. Sanqiao Industrial Zone, located in Sanqiao Town, west of the city, is about 10 km away from the urban area. Its main construction projects include Xi 'an Vehicle Factory, Lishan Automobile Factory and Xi 'an Paper Machinery Factory of the Ministry of Railways.
Hong Qing Industrial Zone is located in the east of Tianwang Village, Hong Qing Township, east of Baqiao Industrial Zone, about 20 kilometers away from the urban area, with Qinghua Electric Appliance Factory and Chaoyang Instrument Factory. Huxian Industrial Zone, located in Yuzhen, near the northern foot of Qinling Mountains in the south of Huxian County, is 40 kilometers away from the main city. It is connected by railway, including Hui 'an Chemical Plant, Huxian Thermal Power Plant and Qinchuan Power Station Instrument Factory. Chang 'an County Industrial Zone, located in Taiyigong Town, Chang 'an County, south of the city, has Daiwang Industrial Zone in Lintong District, including First Watch Machinery Factory, Butterfly Watch Factory, Xi 'an Paper Mill, Guanshan Machinery Factory, etc. It is located in Daiwang Sub-district Office in Lintong, and has Shaanxi Sewing Machine Factory and Shaanxi Blower Factory. Xiangyang Company, a subsidiary of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, has been established in Wangchuan Industrial Zone, Lantian County, and has now moved to Hong Qing Industrial Park.
With the development of the city, Xi 'an Elderly Industrial Zone not only recorded the glory of the city's industrial civilization, but also witnessed the historical development of the city. Digging deep into its cultural value is of great and positive significance for inheriting the historical context of the city, embodying the regional cultural characteristics, enriching the cultural connotation of the city and improving the cultural taste of the city.