First, third-party payment refers to an independent institution with certain strength and credit guarantee, which uses the way of signing contracts with major banks to connect with the bank payment and settlement system to facilitate transactions between the two parties.
In the third-party payment mode, after purchasing goods, the buyer uses the account provided by the third-party platform to pay for the goods (to the third party), and the third party informs the seller that the goods have arrived and requests delivery; The buyer will notify the third party to pay after receiving the goods and confirming the inspection; Then the third party transfers the money to the seller's account. On the afternoon of 2017,65438+10, 13, the People's Bank of China issued the Notice of the General Office of the People's Bank of China on Implementing Centralized Deposit and Management of Customer Reserves of Payment Institutions, clarifying that the customer reserves generated by third-party payment institutions in the course of transactions will be uniformly deposited in designated accounts in the future, which will be supervised by the central bank. Payment institutions shall not issue Document No.42 in March, 20 18, urging third-party payment institutions to access network connection channels, and explicitly cut off all direct connections between third-party payment institutions and banks before June 30, 20 18, and banks shall not directly provide withholding channels for third-party payment institutions.
Second, the third-party payment adopts the payment and settlement method. According to the payment procedure, the settlement method can be divided into one-time payment method and step-by-step payment method. The former includes cash settlement, bill settlement (such as check, promissory note, bank draft and acceptance draft) and remittance settlement (such as wire transfer and online payment), while the latter includes letter of credit settlement, letter of guarantee settlement and third-party payment settlement. In social and economic activities, settlement belongs to the trade category. The core of trade is exchange. Exchange is the unity of the two opposing processes of delivery object and payment currency. Between the normal subjects of freedom and equality, the exchange follows the principle of reciprocity and synchronization. Synchronous exchange means that delivery and payment are mutually conditional and are the guarantee of equivalent exchange.
Thirdly, in practice, synchronous exchange is easy to realize for face-to-face transactions of spot targets; However, in many cases, due to the circulation acceptance process of trading objects (such as the flow of goods and services, the transformation of services and services), the contradiction between unsynchronized and separated commodity flows and capital flows is inevitable, and synchronous exchange is often difficult to achieve. In asynchronous exchange, the party who receives the consideration first is easy to violate morality and agreement and destroy the principle of equivalent exchange, so the party who pays the consideration first is often subject to others, trapped in a passive and weak position and takes risks. Asynchronous exchange can only be successfully completed with additional credit guarantee or legal support.