I. Origin of surname:
The first origin: from the place name, it comes from Guding Lake and belongs to the name of Juyi.
According to legend, the Yellow Emperor collected the first mountain copper and cast it in Jingshan, Quexiang, Lingbao County, Henan Province. This is recorded in the historical book "Historical Records of Zen Forest": "The Yellow Emperor used the bronze of the first mountain to cast a tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain."
It is also said that Dayu received the gold from Jiumu and cast Jingshanyang. The Jiaopiao Lake at the foot of Jingshan Mountain is called Dinghu Lake. This is recorded in the ancient book Shuowen: "In the past, I collected nine animal husbandry funds and threw them into Jingshan Mountain to make a tripod." After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fell ill, he lived in Dinghu Palace.
The Jingshan Mountain mentioned in ancient books in China refers to the Jingshan Mountain in Guanzhong area. For example, according to the history book Hanshu? Many ancient geographies, such as Geography, recorded that Jingshan Mountain is located between Qishan Mountain and the Yellow River, which is today's Jingshan Pingyuan in Weibei. "The Yang of Jingshan" is in the south of Jingshan, which is now Jingshan in yanliang district, Xi City, Shaanxi Province.
Therefore, the "casting tripod" in Jingshan, yanliang district, Shaanxi Province in summer is definitely not in Jingshan, southeast of Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province, nor in Quexiang, Lingbao County, Henan Province, nor in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, nor in Dinghu Mountain, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, because neither the sphere of influence nor the Yellow Emperor has been to Lingnan.
On the Jingshan Plain, there are the father of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (Hantai), the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan (Tang Xianling), Tang Wuzong Li Yan (Tang Duanling) and Tang Jingzong Li Zhan (Tang Zhuangling).
In ancient times, some residents living in Jingshan and Dinghu areas took the history of the emperor casting Ding as their surnames, and were called Ding Shi, which is one of the very old surnames.
The second origin: from the official position, from the national tripod of Yanchuan in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, belonging to the national symbol.
The classic Shuowen records: "Ding, three feet and two ears, is the treasure of five flavors. Yesterday, I received the gold from Jiumu and invested it at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. " However, the historical book "Historical Records Enchanting Zen Book" records: "The Yellow Emperor cast a tripod in Jingshan."
However, the history book "Zuo Zhuan San Xuan Year" records: "In the summer, there was virtue, distant objects, tribute and grazing, casting tripod elephants, and everything was ready, so that the people knew that God was treacherous, so the people entered Chuanze Mountain and could not encounter anything."
Comparatively speaking, as a symbol of national spirit, this book still advocates an older and more primitive record than Historical Records, that is, casting a tripod for Yu Xia. However, whoever cast the cauldron first is a symbol of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation.
In fact, there are twelve Ding Yi * * *, which represent the national symbol, not the "Jiuding" that people spread. This is recorded in the classic "Zhou Li Tianguan Fu Shan": "The king gets three things in one fell swoop, and there are two things in ten, all of which are good. There are twelve Ding, Jiuding and Sanding. " That is to say, when the king ascended the throne, a * * * will perform twelve ding, among which Jiuding, which represents the land of Jing, Liang, Yong, Yu, Xu, Qing, Yang, Yan and Ji, is called "prison ding", which means "the land of Kyushu is firm", while the three ding, which represents the monarch, ministers and people, is called "prison ding".
Because "Ding" represents the country, represents the country and is a symbol of the country. Therefore, during the two-week period, I assisted the ministers in charge of the Zhou Dynasty and the vassal states, namely Ding Miao (national phase), Tai Ding (Zaifu) and Chen Ding (prime minister).
Among Ding Miao's descendants, there are Tai Ding and Chen Ding. , as well as the ancestral official title as the surname, the provincial language referred to as Ding Shi.
The third origin: from the place name, it comes from the ancient city of Dingmen and belongs to the name of Juyi.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty, people called the East Gate of the City Guo Ding Gate, because after Dayu cast Jiuding, Ding was transported into the city from the East Gate. For example, it is recorded in the historical book "Records of the Counties of the Later Han Dynasty": "Luoyang Dongcheng is named Dingmen."
In ancient times, among the residents living in Dongmen area of Guo Cheng, some people took the city gate as their surname, which was called Dingmen. Later, it was simplified to a single surname of Ding Shi and Menmen.
The fourth origin: from the surname Ji, from a strong man in the Spring and Autumn Period, belonging to the official title.
Guan Ding is the official name of the Zhou Dynasty. Dong Fangshuo Biography, a history book before the Han Dynasty, recorded: "Yu Xia was an official. Those who hold the tripod in front of the temple are also. "
In Xia, Shang, Zhou and even the Warring States period, there were officials who guarded Ding in all previous dynasties, called Ding Xuan Department, commonly known as Guan Ding.
Yu Xia was a patriotic soldier and a Hercules in the Spring and Autumn Period. He held up a tripod weighing 1000 pounds in front of the palace of the Zhou Dynasty and captured the tail of a strong bull alive. The monarch was amazed and named it Ding Guan. "Historical Records Biography of Fan Ju and Cai Ze" also records: "Wu Huo and Ren Bi died heroically, while Meng Ben, Wang Qingji and Xia died heroically." In the ancient book "Pei Qian Ji Jie", the annotation of "Han Yi Yin" is quoted: "Or the cloud and Xia religion, those who defend people are powerful." Ge Hong, the ancestor of Jin Dynasty, explained in "Argumentation on Bao Puzi": "Yu Xia and Du Hui are saints of strength." Later generations took Yu Xia, Du Hui and Guan Ding as the names of great warriors.
Among the descendants, there are those who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames, which are called Ding Guan's. Later, it was simplified to a single surname Ding and Guan.
The fifth source: it comes from the surname of Jiang mentioned by Meng, a subordinate general at the end of the Warring States period, which belongs to historical events.
Qin mourned the wandering, tall, strong and brave. He is belligerent and always takes pleasure in fighting. Any brave man will be promoted to general and placed beside him. At that time, both Wu Huo and Ren Bi were famous for their courage and strength, so Qin Wuwang made an exception and promoted him as a general, and gave him a high rank and a generous salary.
Meng Ben, a native of the State of Qi, has great strength and won the title of Haidai: he is not afraid of tigers and wolves on land, but can avoid dragons on water, and one person can subdue two bison at the same time. Meng Ben heard that Qin Wuwang reused the world's warriors, so he rushed to Xianyang to meet Qin Wuwang. Under the test of Qin Wuwang, Meng Ben was worse than Wu Huo and Ren Bi, so he was immediately appointed as a general and enjoyed the same treatment as Wu Huo and Ren Bi.
In the ninth year of the reign of King Zhou Hao (four years after Qin Mourning, 307 BC), the ambitious Kong Dang led Meng Ben, Wu Huo, Ren Bi and other followers to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, to watch Jiuding, a representative of Kyushu, engraved with mountains and rivers, figures and land tribute.
Qin Wuwang examined them one by one. When he saw Yongzhou Ding, he said to the ministers, "Has anyone ever taken this Ding?"
Guan Ding replied, "No one has ever heard of the tripod, and no one has ever seen it lifted. It weighs a thousand pounds. Who can afford it! "
Qin Wuwang asked Ren Bi and Meng Ben, "Can you two carry this tripod?"
Knowing that Qin Wuwang won by strength, Ren Bi politely declined: "I can only give one hundred things. This tripod is too heavy for me to carry. "
Meng Ben stretched out his arms, went to the tripod and said, "Let me try to lift it. Don't blame me if I can't lift it. " After that, he tightened his belt, rolled up his double sleeves, grabbed two ding ears and shouted "get up!" " I saw Ding was lifted half a foot off the ground by Meng Ben and fell heavily. Meng Ben felt dizzy and couldn't stand up. Fortunately, I was dragged around and didn't fall to the ground.
Qin Wuwang smiled and said, "Can you lift the tripod off the ground? Am I not as good as you?"
Ren Bi advised, "Your Majesty, don't try your strength easily."
Qin Wuwang obstinately refused to listen, took off the king's robe belt, tightened it and strode forward. Ren Bi pulled Qin Wuwang to dissuade him. King Wu said angrily, "You can't lift it. Do you want me to lift it?" Ren Bi dare not persuade again.
Qin Wuwang reached out and helped Ding Er, thinking, "Meng Ben can only lift the ground. I should move a few steps to show the height after lifting. " . So, take a deep breath, push harder and shout "get up!" " "Ding also carried out half a foot, then moved his left foot, only to find that his right foot was unable to support himself, and his body tilted, and Ding fell to the ground and hit his right foot. Qin Wuwang fell to the ground with a scream. They hurried forward to move the tripod, only to find that Qin Wuwang's right foot and bones were crushed and blood flowed all over the place. When the doctor arrived, Qin Wuwang was unconscious, but he was still talking to himself. I had my wish, although I didn't hate it. "At night, Qin Wuwang gave up the ghost and died. Zhou Nanwang was frightened when he heard the news. He cried.
Gui Li, the right-hand prime minister, took care of the coffin and returned to Xianyang. For Qin's sake, he made Ji, his half-brother, king. After the burial, Cha Li Ji investigated the responsibility and dismembered five horses of Meng Ben. Reward Ren Bi's ability to remonstrate and be promoted to Hanzhong Prefecture; At the same time, he remonstrated with the king of Qin and investigated the crime. Prime Minister Zuo instructed him to enter Zhou.
This event was called "lifting the tripod and lifting the tripod" in the history of the Warring States.
Meng Ben died unjustly. Therefore, among the descendants and clans of Meng Ben, some people who took the historical event of "Ju Ding Jue" as their surnames were called Ding Jue's, which was simplified to a single surname of Ding Shi in later literature.
The sixth origin: it originated from the surname of Ji, came from the important minister in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, and took the name of the ancestor as the surname.
Zi Ding was born in Chengxian, Donghai, which is Yicheng District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province today. It is said that Lanling people in the East China Sea, that is, Lucheng Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province today, are famous scholars in the Western Han Dynasty.
Kuang Heng studied hard since he was a child, but because his family was poor, he couldn't even light an oil lamp at night. Seeing the bright lights of his neighbor's house, he cut a small hole in his wall to let the light pass through so that he could study hard. The story of "stealing the light from the wall", which has been passed down through the ages in history, comes from this. There is a large family in the same village. The family is very rich and has a lot of books. Kuang Heng volunteered to help him without any reward. The rich man was surprised and asked him why. Kuang Heng expressed his willingness to read all his books. Hearing this, the rich man sighed, so he took out his book to learn from Kuang Heng.
Kuang Heng gained profound knowledge with his tenacious study perseverance. Later, he studied the Book of Songs with Hou Cang, a famous scholar, and learned a lot, especially with incisive views on the study of the Book of Songs. At that time, there was a saying that "Kuang Heng said that poetry was considerate". Kuang Heng is good at talking about poetry. Once, when he was discussing the poem with others, he argued with the other party, and others were speechless, so he had to slip away in a hurry in his shoes.
Because of his extraordinary intelligence, he knows everything from ancient times to the present, and Confucian classics are unparalleled. Later, Kuang Heng became prime minister in the third year of the Han and Zhao Jian (36 BC). Kuang Heng started as a small official with a low position. In addition, Liu Xun, Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, didn't like Confucian scholars very much, so he was sent to a local post. Therefore, at that time, many scholars in Chang 'an wrote to Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di and Liu Xun, asking him to stay in Beijing, but it was not adopted by Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di.
After Liu ascended the throne, Kuang Heng was transferred back to Kyoto because of his extensive knowledge. Emperor Han Yuan often asked him to express his opinions on state affairs. He also wrote to Emperor Han Yuan, pointing out that people live in poverty, but many officials take bribes and bend the law, demanding wealth from the people and blindly pursuing enjoyment; They engage in nepotism, flattery and so on for their own interests, regardless of shame. Kuang Heng suggested that the imperial court cut expenses, review the state system and rectify the Chaogang. This suggestion was taken seriously and adopted by Emperor Han and Yuan, but it had little effect.
Kuang Heng was later an official doctor, minister, doctor Guanglu, young prince, doctor Guanglu, ancient scholar and prime minister. Finally, he was promoted to Le Anhou. However, after Kuang Heng became prime minister, he did not dare to expose the struggle against autocratic eunuchs. It was not until the death of Emperor Hanyuan and the eunuch fell out of favor that he dared to rob the eunuch, so he was accused and criticized by court ministers. Kuang Heng resigned in shame.
Later, Kuang Heng knew the sufferings of the people and forcibly occupied a large amount of land of 23,000 hectares. Therefore, Liu Ao, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, thought that Kuang Heng was "inconsistent in words and deeds, abusing power for personal gain and violating the law", so he was demoted to a common people and died a few years after returning to China. However, Kuang Heng's story of "stealing light from the wall" has inspired students of all ages for thousands of years.
The historical book "Miscellanies of Xijing" records: "Ding, there is another name." It is also recorded in the historical book "Prequel to the Han Dynasty": "Kuang Heng was a tripod when he was a child, a young GUI when he was a long time, and a balance and a tribute book were handed down from generation to generation. He said that he was balanced and reported. He said that he was arrogant and knew that he was a word. "
Among the descendants of posthumous title, one named Ding Shi took the ancestor "Ding" as his surname.
The seventh origin: from the feudal system, from the imperial examination system founded by the Sui Dynasty, belonging to the official title as the surname.
During the Sui Dynasty, another measure to promote national integration was the imperial examination system, which was implemented at the same time as Emperor Wendi dug the Grand Canal.
The imperial examination system began with Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. In order to prosper the country and unite the nation, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty stipulated that all state officials, regardless of their ethnic origin, should be selected according to their examination results. Later, Yang Di Yang Guang promoted and popularized the imperial examination system, hoping to explain the dissatisfaction of Jiangnan * * * through this system and provide a way for middle and lower-class scholars to be officials. Candidates are equal regardless of their origins. Exams are held in small rooms, and candidates are often admitted for several days, and they are not allowed to leave these rooms halfway.
The imperial examination system, which lasted until the beginning of the 20th century, was a portal for ancient scholars to become state officials. The winner's name was posted high, and many people went to watch it. The imperial examination system adopted since the Sui Dynasty provided a basis for the state to select officials. From then on, all court officials, including local governors, must pass the imperial examinations. Because once you pass the exam, you can go back to China dressed up, so many people have white hair.
China's imperial examination system, regardless of nationality or origin, selected officials on the basis of ability, which formed the fairest form of talent selection that feudal society could adopt, and provided conditions for the feudal dynasty to absorb a large number of outstanding talents from the middle and lower classes into the ruling group.
In the process of imperial examination, Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di called the top three in palace examination, namely, the champion, the second place and Tanhua "Ding Jia". Because Ding has three legs, the emperor only took the top three of a Jia, so he called a Jia "Ding Jia" and later called it "San Ding Jia".
The imperial examination system became an important measure for selecting talents and the pillar of employing people in feudal dynasties after Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the personnel system based on the imperial examination system was gradually improved. After experience at the grass-roots level, most of the champions, second place and Tanhua became the husbands of emperors, princes and court officials.
Among the descendants of the "Sandingjia", there is one named Ding Shi who takes the glorious history of his ancestors as his surname.
The eighth origin: in terms of place names, it came from Dingzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and belongs to the name of Juyi.
Dingzhou, also known as Dingcheng, was called Songzhou in ancient times.
In the 30th year of Qin Dynasty (277 BC), Shu County was founded as Zhangruocheng in order to defend "cutting Wu County and going down to the south of the Yangtze River", belonging to Qianzhong County. In the first year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 BC), there were 36 counties in the world, and Linyuan County was built in Qianzhong County. Qianzhong county is in the western boundary of Yuanling, and Linyuan county is in Changde city. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), Qianzhong County was changed to Wuling County, and Zhang Ruocheng was renamed Wuling City. In the 16th year of Emperor Wen of Sui (AD 596), Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty was renamed as Langzhou, which governed Wuling County (now Changde, Hunan). In the fifth year of Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 10 12), Langzhou was changed to Dingzhou.
Dingzhou is not only a transportation hub between the north and the south in ancient times, but also a traffic artery that goes back to the east of Guizhou and commands Jiangsu and Anhui. Known as "the lips and teeth of Jingchu" and "the throat of Yunnan and Guizhou", it is also the famous "land of fish and rice" in the south of the Yangtze River.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian army conquered Dingzhou. In the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1275), the appeasement department of Changde House was established, and in the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1277), it was changed to the general manager house of Changde Road. At that time, there was a resident of Dingzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, named Ding Shi after his former residence "Dingzhou".
The ninth origin: from * * *, from the Yuan Dynasty Sanqu writer Yu, belonging to the name of the ancestor.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a famous Yuan Sanqu composer, Arudin, who was later renamed Yu Yuanding.
Yu Yuanding was a native of the Yuan Dynasty during the period from Emperor Zhi to Emperor Tian (A.D. 132 1 ~ 1330), and was a bachelor of Hanlin.
The history book "Wu Wenzheng and Gong Ji Yu Ding Atomic Theory" records: "A scholar, A Ruding, is named after Yu Jia and Zi. Its ancestors were also from the Western Regions. Su Yu A Ci, his ancestor, drank the water of Heihe River when he became a monk in Taizu. He is a famous family who respects the old and loves the young. "
There are seven existing poems and two sets of Sanqu. Or write landscapes, or chant boudoir feelings, with beautiful words, great rhyme and bright and euphemistic style. The preface to Song Xuezhai's Collection of Ancient and Modern Enlightenment in Historical Records of the Yuan Dynasty was written by Wang. Briefly said: "Ding Yuan, the prince of Jinling, took the deeds since the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and compiled them into four words, which rhymed with his language, hoping to teach his children to learn about the past and the present. Take it as a sign and seek it as a sequence. Since the Tang Dynasty, there has been Qiu Meng. However, if Wang Jun's compilation includes ancient and modern times, we should be prepared for chaos, which is not contrary to the exposition of ancient Confucianism and is not helpful to primary schools. But after reading it, I still think the story is too complicated for a boy to know, although adults can also regard it as the purpose of Historical Records. What if Wang Junzhi is not diligent? Return to the title. " Xia Tingzhi, a scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, also recorded in the Collection of Brothels that Yu was closely related to the actors of zaju at that time, and called him a romantic scholar who despised romantic and cherished jade.
* * * Yu's descendants are mainly distributed in Yunnan, with their ancestors' names translated into Chinese as surnames, and some are called Yu's, Ding Shi's and Yuanshi's.
The tenth origin: from Manchu, from the exclusive department of Nuzhen in Jin Dynasty, belonging to the sinicization of tribal names.
According to the Qing dynasty annals, imperial clan policy, Manchu Eight Banners surname records:
(1) Dukeda nationality of Manchu originated from the exclusive department of Jurchen in the Jin Dynasty, with surname as surname and Dukedahara in Manchu. It lives in Fucun (now the Lok Fu Valley of Xingkai Lake in Russia) and is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of the Han nationality in Duoguan were Ding, Du and Shan.
(2) The Manchu Huting family, whose Manchu language is Huting Hala, lives in Luoshanqin (now the south bank of the Russian Hall River Basin). After the middle of Qing Dynasty, China's surnames were Ding and Hu.
2. County Outlook:
Dingzhou: also known as Wuling and Langzhou, which is now Changde City, Hunan Province. In 300 thousand BC, primitive people lived and multiplied in the mountains and rivers of Yuanshui and Lishui Plain in Changde area. More than 40 paleolithic remains have been found in Nan Li Township, Zhanggongmiao Town, Yaopo Township, Guanxi Town, Dingcheng District, Shi Gang and other places in the lower reaches of Shimen West Water. The stone tools excavated include stone chips, stone hammers, stone balls, sharp objects, choppers, etc. Primitive people used these primitive tools to collect fruits and hunt wild animals. The excavation of Pengtoushan site in Lixian County proves that Changde began to enter the Neolithic Age 9000 years ago, and primitive people in this period have mastered the technology of stone grinding and pottery making. The lower culture of Shimen Zaoshi, more than 7000 years ago, is one of the representatives of the early Neolithic culture in China. During this period, the production tools included axes, chisels and other cutting tools and fishing nets, and the original pottery-making technology was mastered to produce simple tableware. The Tangjiagang site in Anxiang more than 6500 years ago reflects the prosperous life of the matriarchal clan society in Changde at that time. The site of Huachenggang in Anxiang many years ago is a powerful proof that Changde entered the patriarchal society. During this period, the production tools have been greatly improved, the drilling, cutting and polishing techniques of stone tools are relatively mature, and pottery is generally trimmed with slow wheels. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Changde had a prosperous population and economy. There are more than 550 Shang and Zhou ruins in the city, and items such as arrows, hairpins, fish hooks and copper melting furnaces have been unearthed. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is a period of social change in history. There are thousands of tombs of the Warring States in Changde, and there are some sites of the Warring States, such as Jijiao City in Jixian County, Cailing City in Taoyuan and Song Yucheng in Linli. Changde (now Changde City and County) has the names of Linyuan County, Wuling County and Changde County in history, and successively belongs to administrative institutions at or above the county level such as Wuling County, Jianping County, Wuzhou, Yuanzhou, Langzhou, Songzhou, Dingzhou, Changde Road, Changde House, Wuling Road and Changde Special Zone. In the twenty-second year of King Xiang of Chu (277 BC), the county magistrate "cut Wu County and Jiangnan to make it a county in central Guizhou" and built a project in the east of Changde City to keep it. Changde has a city, and since then. In the first year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 BC), there were 36 counties in the world, and Linyuan County was built in Qianzhong County. Qianzhong county is in the western boundary of Yuanling, and Linyuan county is in Changde city. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, it was still called Linyuan County. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), the county in central Guizhou was changed to Wuling County, and the county ruled Yiling (now Xupu), and Linyuan County belonged to Wuling County. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the world into thirteen states, and Wuling County belonged to Jingzhou. During the Xin Mang period (9-23 AD), Linyuan County was changed to Jianyuan County, and Wuling County was changed to Jianping County. In the sixth year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 30), Jianyuan County was renamed Linyuan County, and Jianping County was renamed Wuling County. In the 26th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 50), Wuling County moved to Linyuan County, which was the beginning of the establishment of Changde County. At the same time, it is located in Yuannan County, south of Shui Yuan, Yuan Xian County. In the third year of Yangjia in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 134), Jingzhou secretariat was changed to Hanshou (now Duangangtou Township, Changde County). In the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), Wuling County was captured by Houshu. In the 19th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 2 14), Liu Bei and Sun Quan were divided into Jingzhou, Wuling County belonged to Liu Bei, and Linyuan County still belonged to Wuling County. In the 24th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 2 19), Sun Wu captured Jingzhou, and Wuling County belonged to Wu. The three kingdoms are still there. During the Jin Dynasty, Linyuan belonged to Wuling County, Jingzhou, where the county ruled Linyuan County and the state ruled Wuling. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Song and Qi Dynasties, Linyuan County was subordinate to Wuling County of Yunzhou. In the first year of Tianjia, Emperor Chen Wendi of the Southern Dynasties (AD 560), there was no Wuzhou in Jingzhou and Yunzhou, and Linyuan County belonged to Wuling County of Wuzhou. In the seventh year of Chen (AD 575), Wuzhou was renamed Yuanzhou, which belonged to Wuling County. Chen's county and state governments are located in counties. In the early Sui Dynasty, a two-level system of states and counties was implemented. In the ninth year of Emperor Wendi (AD 589), the three counties of Linyuan, Hanshou and Yuannan merged and changed to Wuling County, which was the beginning of Wuling County. It was not until the second year of the Republic of China that it was renamed Changde County, and Wuling County took 1,334 years. In the same year, Wuling County was renamed Songzhou, and in the sixteenth year of Emperor Wendi (AD 596), it was renamed Langzhou, which was located in Wuling County (now Changde, Hunan Province), governing Wuling and Longyang counties, and the state was ruled in Wuling County. In the early years of Yang Di's great cause, Langzhou was changed to Wuling County, which still governs Wuling County and Longyang County. In the fourth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (AD 62 1 year), Wuling County was abandoned and Langzhou was established. In the first year of Zhenguan (AD 627), the world was divided into ten roads, and Langzhou belonged to Jiangnan West Road. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (AD 724), Langzhou was changed to Wuling County and Shannan East Road. In the first year of Tang Dynasty (AD 758), it came to Langzhou again. In the Five Dynasties, Wuling County was placed under Langzhou of Chu State. In the early Song Dynasty, Wuling County was placed under Langzhou, belonging to Jinghu North Road. In the first year of Song Gande (AD 963), Taoyuan County was located in the west of Wuling County. In the fifth year of Zhao Heng Dazhong Xiangfu in northern Song Zhenzong (A.D. 10 12), Langzhou was changed to Dingzhou, and Lizhou was changed to Liyang Zhou Jun, all belonging to Jinghu North Road. In the seventh year of Song Huizong Zhenghe (A.D.117), Ding Shengfu should be appointed as our envoy of Changde County forever. Changde is quoted from Confucius' The Book of Songs Ya Chang: "It is said that generals should be responsible, soldiers should be trained, and people should not be harsh. This can be a regular method, but there is Changde ",and the name" Changde "began here. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties (A.D. 1 165), Dingzhou Army was changed to Changde House, and Wuling County was its subordinate county. Since the first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 13 1), he has served as an envoy of peace and comfort to Jinghu North Road. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1275), the appeasement department of Changde House was established. In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1277), it was changed to Changde Road General Government, which was subordinate to Huguangxing Zhongshu Province and was in charge of Wuling County, Taoyuan County, Longyang County and Yuanjiang County. In the 24th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1864), Zhu Yuanzhang's army conquered northern Hunan, changed Changde Road to Changde House, and still dominated the above four counties. During the Ming Dynasty, Wuling County was under the jurisdiction of Changde House, which was under the jurisdiction of Huguang Government Council. In the third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1664), Hunan's Foreign Minister was appointed as the branch office, and Changde was the Changde House of Hunan's Foreign Minister Yue Changli Road. By the end of Qing Dynasty, Changde had jurisdiction over Wuling, Taoyuan, Longyang and Yuanjiang counties. Zhili Prefecture governs Shimen, Cili, Anxiang, Anfu and Yongding counties. In the second year of the Republic of China (AD 19 13), the government was abolished and Wuling County was changed to Changde County. In the third year of the Republic of China (AD 19 14), Wuling Road was established in Changde City. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (AD 19 16), Wuling Road was abandoned and Changde County was placed under Xiangjiang Road. In the eleventh year of the Republic of China, Hunan Daoism was abolished, leaving only the provincial and county levels, and Changde County was directly under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1937), Hunan was divided into nine administrative supervision areas, with Changde County as the second area and the Commissioner's Office located in Changde City. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1940), there were ten administrative supervision areas in the whole province, with Changde as fourth area. In the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1949), Changde City was liberated by the people of China on July 29th. 1949, Changde Special Zone was established, located in Changde County. Jurisdiction over Changde, Linli, Lixian, Anxiang, Nanxian, Huarong, Taoyuan, Cili and Shimen. 1950 Changde City is located in Changde County and Tianjin City is located in Lixian County. Changde office is located in Changde City, covering two cities and nine counties. 1952 Yiyang City and Yiyang, Yuanjiang, Anhua, Hanshou and Taojiang (in Taojiang Town) belonging to the former Yiyang Special Zone are included in Changde Special Zone, which governs three cities and fourteen counties. 1953, Changde, Yiyang and Tianjin were changed to municipalities directly under the central government. 1958 Changde, Yiyang and Tianjin were placed under the leadership of Changde Society. 1959 Changde city handed over to Changde county; Yiyang City is led by Yiyang County; Tianjin is led by Lixian County. 196 1 year Changde City led by Changde County, Yiyang City led by Yiyang County and Jinshi City led by Lixian County were all led by Changde Department. 1962 Yiyang City and six counties including Yiyang, Huarong, Yuanjiang, Nanxian, Anhua and Taojiang were placed under Yiyang District, and Changde District governed two cities and eight counties. 1963 Tianjin was abolished and merged into Lixian county, and Changde area governed one city and eight counties. 1970 Changde area was renamed Changde area, which is located in Changde city. It has jurisdiction over Changde City and eight counties including Changde (in Changde City), Linli, Lixian, Anxiang, Hanshou, Taoyuan, Cili and Shimen. 1979 Tianjin was restored, and Changde area governed two cities and eight counties. 198865438+123 October, the State Council approved the document (Guo Han [1988] 18), which abolished Changde area and Changde county and upgraded Changde city to a prefecture-level city. Changde City established Wuling District and Dingcheng District. Wuling District includes four towns of Wuling, Doumu Lake, Hefu and Shimenqiao in Changde City and Changde County, and five towns of Danzhou, Kangjiaji, Nanping Gang, Hefu and Luhuoshan. The remaining 36 towns and villages in Changde County are the administrative areas of Dingcheng District. Changde City governs Taoyuan, Shimen, Fengxian, Hanshou, Cili, LAM Raymond and Anxiang. Tianjin is a municipality directly under the provincial government. As of 65438+February 3, 20041,Changde has two municipal districts and six counties, and manages a county-level city. There are ten streets in the city, 104 towns and 106 townships.