Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, dendritic cells (DC)-CIK cells, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and γδT cells appeared in immune cell therapy.
For clinical application, how to choose the appropriate method and opportunity of immune cell therapy, control the cell quality and uncertain factors involved in the treatment process, and provide a strong clinical basis for immune cell therapy of tumors is something that medical staff should strive to explore. The general public should also know the relevant information in advance.
Therefore, in this article, I will list the immune cell therapy that is often mentioned at present, and briefly describe its progress in tumor treatment.
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CIK cell therapy
CIK cells were first discovered in 1990s, which combined the phenotypes of T cells and NK cells and had tumor killing activity.
The process of obtaining CIK cells: human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with various cytokines in vitro [1]. CIK cells have the characteristics of rapid proliferation, high activity and wide spectrum of killing tumors, and can secrete a variety of cytokines at high concentration, which has certain cytotoxicity and inhibition [2].
The anti-tumor mechanism of CIK is: ① directly killing cancer cells; ② Inducing effector T cells by releasing various cytokines, and indirectly killing tumor cells; ③ Expression of apoptosis-inhibiting genes, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and sustained anti-tumor.
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Dc -CIK cell therapy
DC cells, also known as dendritic cells, are equivalent to the "communication soldiers" of the immune forces. They are professional antigen presenting cells with the ability to activate helper cells and cytotoxic T cells. The number of DC is very small, accounting for about 65438 0% of the total number of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. According to the source, DC can be divided into myeloid system and lymphatic system. According to the function, it can be divided into immature DC (imperfect function) and mature DC (perfect function). Immature DC needs stimulation from foreign antigens to mature. Mature DC cells have strong communication ability and can send battle reports to T lymphocytes in time to stimulate their immune effect.
DC-CIK immunotherapy, which we often hear, is to co-culture DC and CIK in vitro and then transfuse them into the body to kill tumors. The interaction between the two cells not only promotes the maturation of DC, but also strengthens the killing effect of CIK cells.
This is also the immune cell therapy often recommended by the biological immunotherapy department of the hospital to tumor patients before the 20 16 Wei Zexi incident. It is said that the price of a course of treatment at that time was about 30 thousand meters. Today, this therapy still plays an irreplaceable role in the research of tumor treatment. There is no right or wrong in technology, it lies in the hearts of users. As for the Wei Zexi incident, it is an inevitable product brought by transitional marketing propaganda.