For many years, academic circles have been discussing the issue of "Red Cliff", and various theories have been called "New Red Cliff War" by modern media.
For hundreds of years, historians' discussion on the location of the "Chibi" war has been called "New Chibi War" by the media. According to general statistics, there are at least seven kinds of "Red Cliff Theory": Puyin Theory, Huangzhou Theory, Zhongxiang Theory, Wuchang Theory, Hanyang Theory, Hanchuan Theory and Jiayu Theory. From the modern and contemporary point of view, the focus of the debate is between Pu Yin's theory and Jiayu's theory, while historical publications and evidence of discovered cultural relics are more inclined to Pu Yin's theory.
Pu Yin said.
Yin Falu's Notes on the Translation of China's Ancient Literature: "The Red Cliff is in the northwest of Puyin County, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River." "Yuanhe County Records" also said: "Chibi Mountain is 120 miles west of Pu Xian County, facing the great river in the north, and its northern shore is Wulin, that is, Zhou Yu used Huang Gaice to burn Cao Gong's boat." Hu Sansheng's "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" and Tan Qixiang's "Atlas of Chinese History" also adopted this theory.
Since 1970, a large number of cultural relics from the Eastern Han Dynasty have been unearthed from Chibi Mountain in Puyin and Wulin on the other side of the Yangtze River, including the bronze stirrup unearthed in 1973, the tile inkstone engraved with the words "Jian 'an Eight Years" (2003), and the sunken ship site in Chibi Mountain in 1976. 56636.8666666666676
1998, Puyin officially changed its name to chibi city. In the ancient battlefield of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms of chibi city, there are many remains of Battle of Red Cliffs. The excavation of these war relics further confirmed that the location of the Chibi War was in Puyin.
Jiayu said
Both Ancient Chinese edited by linguist Wang Li and Selected Works of China Literature edited by Zhu Dongrun believe that Chibi lies in the northeast of Jiayu County, Hubei Province. If we trace back to the source of this theory, there is evidence that the Draft of the Unified History of Qing Dynasty was quoted from Zhu. "Notes on Water Classics" said: "Chibi Mountain is in the south of Bairen Mountain, and it should be in the northeast of Jiayu County, at the junction with Jiangxia, and go to Wulin for 200 miles." This statement was later recognized by Yang Shoujing, a famous geographer in the late Qing Dynasty.
Historical argument
First of all, the "History of the Three Kingdoms" is recorded as follows: "The right was sent to, and others met with Cao Gong and met at Chibi. At that time, Cao's army was terminally ill, and on the first day of the war, the public army retreated, leading to Jiangbei. Soon, smoke billowed, and Zhang Tian, many people were burned to death and drowned. When the army is defeated, Nanjun is still protected. "
The biographies of generals in the Three Kingdoms and the Book of Wu also mentioned the words "Rejecting Cao Gong from Wulin", so it is certain that Cao Cao relies on Wulin in Jiangbei. "Yuanhe County Atlas" records: "Chibi Mountain is 80 miles west of Pu Xian County, with a stone pass and a river in the north, with Wulin on its north bank and Chibi opposite." Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics records: "The river flows to the south of Bairen Mountain on the left and to the north of Chibi Mountain on the right. Yesterday, Zhou Yu and Huang Gai cheated Wei Wu. "
"Jingzhou Ji" records: "The south bank of Puyin County, a hundred miles along the river, is called Chibi. Zhou Yu and Huang Gai took a big boat here and broke Wei Wubing in Wulin, Wulin and Chibi. " Biography of the River Table records the situation of Battle of Red Cliffs as follows: "On the day of the war, the southeast wind rushed to cover the boat and took ten boats first. Because ten boats came first, Zhongjiang set sail. By the time I got to the second mile of the North Army, I was on fire at the same time, and the firepower was very fierce. I boarded the ship like an arrow, flew to Egypt, burned the northern ship, and camped on the shore for firewood. "
"Southeast wind is urgent" and "Zhongjiang sails" indicate that the ship rushing to Wulin comes from the southeast of Wulin, which is more consistent with "breaking Wei and Wu Bing". There is also a record in the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Monroe: "I am old, and I broke Cao Gong with Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu in the Wulin." "Breaking the West" here is explained by Zhou Yuchuan's "inverse".
If what is recorded in Biography of Jiang Biao is true, then the location of Battle of Red Cliffs-Chibi, Pu Xian is indeed the most in line with historical records.