How to understand the law that third-rate enterprises sell strength, second-rate enterprises sell products, first-class enterprises sell technology and super-first-class enterprises sell?

It is a technical standard in the technical field and a game rule of the market economy. Super-class enterprises obtain excess profits or "opportunity window" profits by creating and operating standards or rules. Today, when mankind has entered the 2 1 century and the era of knowledge economy, it seems that it is not enough for enterprises to only pursue the "biggest" and "best". The ever-changing market changes make it shorter and shorter for enterprises to maintain their scale advantage and quality leadership. In the past, many dragon enterprises were ruthlessly eliminated despite their excellent products and superb technology. However, some enterprises have successfully survived, achieved sustainable growth and achieved brilliant results. We call these long-lived outstanding enterprises super-class enterprises. Qin Shihuang's greatest achievement was not the Great Wall, but unified measurement. The wisdom of Tian Ji's horse racing lies in his clever use and change of the rules of horse racing. Superclass enterprises are a group of world-class leading enterprises that can create and formulate standards or rules for others to follow and follow. Third-rate enterprises work hard, only earn a little labor fee, and may even lose money, belonging to the "contractor team" type enterprises. Second-rate enterprises only sell products around their functions, quality and price. We don't deny that enterprises must produce products with good quality and low price, but it should be said that only by getting tickets can they enter the market, and they can't make much profit. Undeniably, many of our enterprises are suffering because they still stay at the level of selling products, because the product differences are not too big, so when it comes to competition, it is a price war, and when it comes to the market, it is advertising, and everyone is suffering. This is a factory enterprise. First-class enterprises sell technology and services, which are already quite level. These enterprises no longer try to sell their own products, but focus on strengthening their own technical systems and making efforts in technology promotion and customer service. Customer satisfaction has become one of the standards for these enterprises to measure the quality of work, and "saving money for users" and "creating value for customers" have become important goals of these enterprises. Companies such as Founder of Peking University and Haier of Qingdao should probably be classified as "technical service-oriented" enterprises. But we only regard such enterprises as first-class enterprises, and truly competitive or anti-monopoly enterprises are super-class enterprises. The biggest difference between super-class enterprises and the first three enterprises is that they are not customer-oriented, but competitors-oriented. Usually people think of customers when they mention the market. In fact, there are many subjects in the market: in addition to customers, there are competitors, cooperative manufacturers, substitute manufacturers and new entrants. These market players compete under certain "rules of the game". It is through the control and monopoly of the rules (standards) of the game that the super-class enterprises gain the dominant position and obtain the excess profits. Therefore, we can call super-class enterprises "rules-creating" enterprises.