What are the operating costs of securities companies?

In addition to office space, human resources, fixed assets, etc. There are also some industry-specific fees, such as annual membership fees of exchanges, annual trading seat fees, market acquisition fees and communication fees of exchanges, such as satellite stations and DDN lines. At present, the IT systems of securities companies are basically centralized, so there will be long-distance communication costs between all business outlets and headquarters; The degree of informatization of securities companies is relatively high, and correspondingly, the investment in IT system construction is also great. Large securities companies can invest hundreds of millions in this area every year, and small ones often need tens of millions.